"I WORK FOR PUTIN :TRUMP IS MY AGENT or WHY I REMOVED HILLARY"

Mikhail Kryzhanovsky, a former KGB spy, CIA/FBI/Secret Service "Filament", the author of the White House Special Handbook, Espionage and Counterespionage Handbook.  

kryzhanovsky7777@gmail. com  

PART 1. HOW I HANDLE TRUMP and KUSHNER  

PART 2. TRUMP WANTED ME TO KILL OBAMA  

PART 3. HOW I REMOVED HILLARY CLINTON  

PART 4. TRUMP FOLLOWS MY INSTRUCTIONS DAILY (text)  

PART!. HOW I HANDLE TRUMP AND KUSHNER  

Back in 2012 Putin got my detailed instructions on how to recruit perspective presidential candidates.  

Putin is following ' them absolutely and that's why he successfully recruited and now he handles Trump daily killing America – his revenge for the USSR collapse.  

The recruitment technology Putin used on the traitor  

1. Russian SVR (Foreign Intelligence Service) starts a file on any American citizen with big money and political connections who talks positive about President Putin.  

2. SVR file on Trump appeared in 2008 with the purpose of his recruitment and receiving political information from his multi[ple sources in the U. S. Congress and the White House.  

3. SVR officers under cover of the Russian Consulate diplomats met Trump in New York City in 2012-2013 and made him a very generous offer – he can get a green light to any projects in Russia in exchange for his spying for the Russian government. Trump refused the offer. That's why Putin ordered SVR Director Mikhail Fradkov to prepare a special operation, place Trump into a compromising sexual situation, blackmail him and recruit as a secret source.  

4. Prostitutes were SVR female officers – Trump was too big a target to trust the street hookers. They were instructed to play most pervert sexual games with Trump including a "golden shower", "brown shower" and "pig slave" – sorry I can't go into details, check porno sites and magazines for that, please.  

5. Miss Universe 2013, the 62nd Miss Universe pageant, was held on November, 9, 2013 at the Crocus City Hall, Krasnogorsk, a suburb of Moscow, Russia. Trump came a week before and stayed at the Ritz Carlton. His Russian assistants recommended him the best Russian prostitutes ready to make him happy. Trump agreed and put himself in a trap.  

IMG6001487710919  

Alina, Moscow, the best Russian girl "worked" for Trump?  

6. After the pageant was over, SVR officers met Trump at the hotel and left a tape and a phone number. He had no choice. They were back and he signed the regular agreement: "I, Donald Trump, agree to help SVR and improve Russian-American relations. I'll sign my confidential reports with the alias "__________". November 9, 2013".  

I think, his alias is "Tom" – Russians like when the first letter of the last name and the alias is the same.  

7. Trump is the SVR secret source since 2013. Putin met him in person and he understood that this guy might be "promoted" to the U. S. President. Putin ordered fantastic operation and the result was perfect – on November 8, 2016 Trump was elected the U. S. leader.  

8. Putin ordered Trump to do a very important job – to prepare the American-Russian Friendship and Cooperation Treaty which has to exclude the possibility of the world war and keep Russia safe for at least Trump's two presidential terms.. Espionage Management  

Spy Code  

1. No mercy, no ideology, no emotions.  

2. Intuition is nothing but the ability to watch and analyze.  

3. No evidence is evidence in itself.  

4. Distrust is a mother of security.  

5. Never look as if you are sizing up the person – that’s a sign that gives away cops and spies.  

6. Don’t start first if you don’t know the rules.  

7. The way you act is the way you think – behavior is a system of codes (information) which could be calculated by the enemy. Watch your face – that’s a shop window.  

8. Think fast, talk slow.  

9. Avoid self-programming and never think bad about yourself.  

10. Don’t smoke, drink or take drugs if it’s not necessary; spare your stomach from very hot or cold food or drinks; avoid too much noise and light.  

11. Don’t be shy to lie – the more you lie the more people respect you.  

12. Let people talk out and “empty their brains” – then load your information.  

13. People never change – everybody wants to get pleasure and avoid pain.  

14. “He knew too much” means “He talked too much. ”  

15. Never ask extra questions – wait. Wait and the object will get used to you and open himself – nobody can stay tense for long.  

16. Lonely people live longer in espionage business.  

17. “No exit” situation is the one you don’t like or don’t understand.  

18. Avoid:  

– personal enemies (they fix negative information on you)  

– silent types (they notice and think too much)  

– other professionals (they’ll blow your identity)  

– extra stress (it damages your heart and blood vessels and that kills your brain and your ability to think )  

– talking too much  

19. The best weapon against your enemy is his enemy.  

20. “I want nothing” means “I want everything”.  

21. Small lie gives birth to big distrust.  

How to run assets  

You can get tons of information through technical devices but no device can influence decisions made by leaders of other countries. That’s why for thousands of years to come, a reliable agent will be the top tool of any special service, and their actual names have to be kept secret forever, please. Trump, VIP agent (a top government employee) is a very rare thing and depends hugely on luck, because he can make or influence big political decisions. Trump has access to the Oval Office, he can change the world and America, and can sabotage global political, economic or military actions.  

Categories:  

A. "Garbage" (60%), the "no trust " category.  

Recruitment is #1 priority for the officer and a part of his working plan and very often he has to recruit people who are not born agents. You can work with a nice guy, teach him, pay him, press him — and he still avoids any cooperation (busy, sick, on vacation, etc. ). It’s hard to get rid of him because, first, you have to explain to your superiors why you recruited garbage and second, there’s a rule: if you want to be very smart and innovative, a reformer, who came here to start intelligence revolution and get rid of a passive agent, recruit an active one first. Also, agents who work under pressure (blackmail) sooner or later slide into this category.  

B. TRUMP.  

Good agents (30%), middle category. They adhere to the rules of discipline and keep the schedule (that’s very important even if there’s no information), deliver a lot of information that you have to verify through other sources, but don’t show much initiative. Used for regular espionage: go and talk to the object, copy documents, make a recording, take pictures, listen, watch. You can trust them and check often, anyway.  

C. Born agents (10%). You are very lucky if you can recruit such people. They betray their country with pleasure and sometimes do not even ask for money because it’s in their character — they are looking for adventure or are not happy with their personal or professional life and seek improvement or revenge. They take risks, have good analytical abilities, good education, make (VIP) connections easily, "crack" any object, play the "good guy" whom you can trust. Sometimes they come to you as volunteers, and if they bring valuable stuff – recruit them  

Special category. Women.  

Women are a special category here, as elsewhere, and the rule is: if you can’t recruit a real agent, you recruit a woman. It’s not professional to recruit a woman for a serious operation, but if you want to get to an important object, a woman can introduce you. OK, you can recruit a US Senator’s secretary or a typist from the Pentagon, but it will be on your conscience if she gets caught. Such cases entail a life sentence, usually — how would you feel? Besides, women often fall in love with their objects and tell them everything. Finally, a married woman is much bigger problem than a married man.  

Recruitment rules  

Recruit a small number of well-informed people.  

Do not recruit:  

– volunteers (unless it’s a "mole" or other government employee who brings you top secret information right away. In a counter-intelligence set-up, a "volunteer" will try to get information about you, telling the minimum about himself. )  

– persons with low educational and intellectual level  

– people under 30 or over 70, unless it’s a VIP. (Did someone get Jim Baker? Dick Cheney? )  

– mafia members  

– people who are happy with their lives and careers  

The best formula when you recruit is a mix of money and ideology (brainwashing). It’s not necessary to sign recruitment obligations — people take that as a blackmail tool. It’s enough if the fellow brings a good piece of information and get paid (make a video, anyway).  

Recruitment Pyramid  

Priority recruitment candidates in the USA:  

Trump  

The White House staff  

The Cabinet and federal agencies  

The US Congress  

Big corporations  

Big scientific institutions  

Local politicians  

VIP world (celebrities – big media, show biz, big sport)  

Candidates for recruitment  

1. Trump.  

2. All spies who work in the USA under legal "cover" as diplomats, reporters, scientists, businessmen, actors, artists, musicians, sportsmen have the legal right to make and develop any contacts and invite people to private parties; then they "transfer" these contacts to professional recruiters. Any embassy can invite any politician to official and private parties and "work" with him there. Besides, all those people can invite prospective candidates to their countries or to other country to develop the contact; it’s much easier to recruit abroad. And remember, any contact, any talk, any piece of biography is already information.  

3. You can get information about candidates through other agents and through the media.  

4. It’s useful to install listening devices in the government buildings or listen to the phones, and collect compromising information on politicians. I recommend listening to the phones all over the city, if it’s the capital of the country.  

"Golden" rules you follow dealing with Trump, top traitor  

1. Do not tell Trump about problems and mistakes of the agency, about your personal problems, about other agents, about his own file and compromising information you have on him.  

2. Don’t show Trump any classified documents – you might provoke him to sell the information to somebody else.  

3. Don’t trust Trump too much; they can use you to compromise their personal enemies.  

4. Never criticize Trump – be an adviser. Don’t talk straight if he avoids cooperation or brings you garbage – just reduce or stop payments, or get rid of him.  

5. You lose Trump if you don’t pay him for a job well done, ask him to "produce" fake information (to show your bosses how much great espionage activity you have going on) or if you don’t care about his personal security and his personal problems (health, career). And — never give poison to your agent for security reasons.  

Questioning Trump  

This is of extreme importance – the right question brings you the right answer and top secret info. Give Trump a chance to tell and show you everything he’s brought, no matter how chaotic the story might be or how ordinary the documents look. Don’t make written notices. Don’t bring written questions even if you are talking about some advanced technology — look and be professional. Don’t let Trump analyze the information before he talks to you and don’t let him bring it in a written form – it’s usually not complete; he can lose it; or it may be stolen from him. If there are documents, he has to bring a microfilm. Ask questions — when? where? what happened? why? what’s going to happen next?  

After that you tell the story back to Trump and he adds details. At the end of the meeting give the agent another task and don’t ask him to bring you "something, " because he’ll bring you just that "something" and nothing else.  

Remember, questioning is not interrogation; do not bring another officer to the meeting because it will look like cross interrogation.  

Teaching Trump  

Teach your Trump to:  

– follow security rules while talking to people, working with the documents and especially meeting the officer (some foreign agencies practice open contacts with many people, hoping that the meeting with the agent won’t attract much attention — I don’t recommend that)  

– always stay calm in stressful situations  

– always keep discipline and come in time  

– use analytic abilities working with people and documents – ask yourself as many questions as you can  

Checking Trump  

You can never be sure you are not working with a "double agent, " even if he brings you top secret stuff. Besides, agents are human beings and they make mistakes — they forget about security, spend too much money, talk too much and ask extra questions; if arrested they may not play the hero but will tell everything. Anyway, you can check Trump:  

a. by fake arrest followed by severe interrogation.  

b. through provocation (tell him you know about his "double game" and watch his behavior after the meeting (it’s good to have a listening device or a camera in his house).  

c. by making an analysis of all the information and documents he delivers and comparing it with information from other sources.  

d. through other agents.  

e. through your "mole" in counter-intelligence (if you’re lucky).  

f. through technical devices (reading the mail, listening to the phone, secret searching his house and office, watching him through hidden cameras, trying surveillance in the street).  

Trump termination (one-way ticket)  

It doesn’t happen often but you have to know some special situations when you have to terminate Trump:  

1. Trump knows too much (talks too much) and is ready to betray you.  

2. Trump is under suspicion and you can’t help him for political reasons (diplomatic, international scandal, etc. ) — in such a case an accident could be staged. It happens that the agent is too close to President.  

3. Trump was involved in special operations (murders) and is dangerous as a witness.  

4. Trump is trying to blackmail you.  

5. You need to press (blackmail) other agents.  

TRUMP HAS TO BOIL AMERICA UP TO CIVIL WAR  

Trump has to obey all Putin's orders.  

First order – to boil America up to civil war.  

Second – to kill as many Americans as he can.  

How?  

Cut foodstamps and kill 46 million Americans.  

Cut Medicaid by $800 billion and kill 50 million Americans, 20 million of them are kids, our FUTURE.  

Cut Welfare and kill 40 million Americans, 12 million of them – African Americans, mostly single parent families.  

So, Trump kills African Americans mostly.  

Trump has no choice – he was blackmailed and recruited by Russian President Putin and have to work for him.  

Putin, a former KGB spy, said once that collapse of the Soviet Union was the biggest tragedy of the century. KGB officers never joke in public – Putin meant revenge.  

And revenge is the U. S. civil war, huge riots and clashes : religions +races+radical leftists – civil war/revolution has to cut the country into pieces and eliminate it before the World War III starts.  

This is the preemptive Russian attack which is much more powerful than nuclear missiles.  

That's why Trump daily turns the government and the nation into chaos and hatred.  

Why it's easy for Putin to handle Trump?  

Because he is a schizophrenic and that's why he loves secret activities and is ready to be involved in any kind of conspiracy. Unfortunately, his medical problem is a disaster for America.  

SCHIZOPHRENIA – a long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation.  

Trump's symptoms of this long-term mental disorder include:  

IMG6001494171793  

1. Hostility, suspiciousness, extreme reaction to criticism – Trump's anti-media attitude.  

2. Odd or irrational statements : "We build the anti--Mexican wall and Mexico gonna pay for it".  

3. Delusions of grandeur : Trump believes that he is a unique human being (like Jesus) on a mission to save America. His malignant narcissism is beyond any explanation.  

4. Unpredictable or inappropriate emotional responses – "I can kill anybody in the street! "  

5. Trump's behavior is bizarre – he treats women as sexual slaves.  

6. Trump's thinking and speech are disorganized, speech speech often includes putting together meaningless words that can't be understood – word salad. That means he's usually promising to fix everything (healthcare, immigration, Palestinian problem) but has no idea what to do.  

7. Delusions – Trump has false beliefs that are not based in reality. One of the biggest, with no proof at all, – his false contention that he lost national popular vote because of illegal votes.  

8. Trump's motor behavior in public is disorganized and abnormal motor behavior. His appearances are really scary because they usually end up in unpredictable agitation no matter what the question or problem is under discussion.  

9. Trump is a pathological liar, no matter what facts you have to prove he's wrong. His statement "I never met Putin" is ridiculous after this Savage's 2015 radio show audio was posted on the web: https://clyp. it/ijpsirbw.  

10. Trump has trouble organizing his thoughts or making logical connections. His mind is racing from one unrelated thought to another. Sometimes he has "thought withdrawal, " a feeling that thoughts are removed from his head, or "thought blocking, " when his flow of thinking suddenly gets interrupted.  

ATTENTION : Trump ends up in a suicide if his schizophrenia is untreated at all.  

ATTENTION: Trump's father suffered from Alzheimer disease. Patients have difficulty remembering newly learned information, are often disoriented, have mood and behavioral changes, an increasing sense of paranoia and suspicion, and a deepening confusion about events, time, and places.  

Looks like Trump inherited Alzheimer...  

How Trump's schizophrenia might be treated?  

Treatment consists of medications and therapy. It is usually LIFELONG (! )and often involves a combination of medications, psychotherapy, and coordinated specialty care service s.  

Medications  

Antipsychotic – reduces or improves the symptoms of certain psychiatric conditions.  

Therapies Support group, Rehabilitation, Cognitive therapy, Psychoeducation, Family therapy, Behavior therapy, and :Group psychotherapy  

Support group – forum for counseling and sharing experiences among people with a similar condition or goal, such as depression or weight loss.  

Rehabilitation: retraining the brain's pathways to improve mental and physical functioning after an illness or injury. For example, after a blow to the head (concussion).  

Cognitive therapy: talk therapy that focuses on replacing negative, distorted thoughts with positive, accurate ones.  

Psychoeducation – education about mental health that also serves to support, validate, and empower patients.  

Family therapy – psychological counseling that helps families resolve conflicts and communicate more effectively.  

Behavior therapy – a therapy focused on modifying harmful behaviors associated with psychological distress.  

Group psychotherapy – talk therapy where the therapist works with clients in a group instead of one-on-one.  

Specialists: psychiatrist and clinical psychologist  

PROBLEM : Agent Trump lost a sense of reality  

May 10, 2017  

President Donald Trump disclosed highly classified information to Russia's foreign minister about a planned Islamic State operation, two U. S. officials said on Monday, plunging the White House into another controversy just months into Trump's short tenure in office.  

The intelligence, shared at a meeting last week with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Russian Ambassador Sergei Kislyak, was supplied by Israel in the fight against the militant group, both officials with knowledge of the situation said.  

The White House declared the allegations, first reported by the Washington Post, incorrect.  

"The story that came out tonight as reported is false, " H. R. McMaster, Trump's national security adviser, told reporters at the White House, adding that the leaders reviewed a range of common threats including to civil aviation.  

"At no time were intelligence sources or methods discussed. The president did not disclose any military operations that were not already publicly known... I was in the room. It didn't happen, " he said.  

CONCLUSION : Trump as Putin's agent, lost a sense of reality once he was elected the U. S. President. He forgot the secret rules of communication with his handler and made a decision to share information with Putin's minister. Huge mistake.  

PART 2. DONALD TRUMP WANTED ME TO KILL OBAMA. What's the story?  

IMG6001479826533  

Part 1. Dinner with the President  

IMG6001479817516  

March 12, 2010, New York.  

Out of the blue I’ve received an invitation for a dinner with President Obama and Speaker of the House Pelosi from DCCC (Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee) signed by Ian Sugar, Director of Development, Hillary Clinton’s big friend. "Mike, we wanted to make sure you received this invitation for a very special occasion. We would love to have you be a part of this event. DCCC needs your support to fight for the American people. We hope to see you on May 13th in new York City".  

Surprise and a very suspicious one. I had to come to St. Regis Hotel, New York to join President Barack Obama Thursday, May 13, 2010 (St. Regis Hotel Ballroom, Two East 55th Street at Fifth Avenue, New York, New York). 6:00 p. m. – Host Committee VIP Reception 6:30 p. m. – Dinner  

IMG6001473872872  

I got St. Regis ballroom plan. Actually, I could eliminate “Obama” but it’s a suicide to work on the roof of the hotel.  

IMG6001489866947  

All I had to do was: buy 9mm Zig Zauer (Secret Service pistol), practice shooting in the forest upstate, come to St. Regis unarmed, disarm any Secret Service fat pig and do the job.  

IMG6001489867187  

Obama protected by a pig.  

But. I'm 40 years in espionage business and I'm always listening to what my intuition says. It was a 100% CIA pre-assassination setup – I come, they kill “Obama”, arrest me and kill me in a jail same day. Same thing they did to Lee Harwey Oswald.  

And who was interested? Who started "Obama is not the U. S. citizen! ", "Show the birth certificate! ", "Impeach Obama! " campaign?  

Trump.  

October 12, 2010  

I’ve got confidential information that two Secret Service teams were hunting me all over New York City: team #1 (two guys) and team #2 ( two guys and a woman). Team #1 asked my friend to give me their phone number, so I could call them, emergency. Team #2, armed with handguns, broke into my wife’s apartment, searched it and interrogated her in a very rude manner, ordered her to keep their visit secret, took her PC and left. Soon after that my wife (we were separated) had a stroke and in 2013 she died.  

I talked to team #1 on the phone and then I met them in a safe place. They said they came from Washington to stop team #2 from killing me. They also asked me to shut up about the dinner with Obama. I said: "If they want to kill me, tell them to put a sniper in a house across the street – I'm not scared". They got very nervous and asked me to slow down and stop talking if I don’t want problems.  

I got team #2 members’ names Here they are, my killers: Chris Lienemann, special agent, tel. 718-840-1263, Susan Klemm, special agent, tel. 718-840-1448, Gene Gurevich, special agent, tel. 718-840-130  

IMG6001479818606  

January, 20 2011.  

FBI special agent Eric Perry, (tel. 718) 286-7100), informed me that my actions made "high authorities, people on the very top extremely nervous". He didn't explain if it was a Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, but we understood each other well. Perry said I better disappear if I don’t want to end up at FBI “special jail”. “Special jail” means a total secrecy and a special attitude, which means tortures and murders of the victims who disappear into nowhere. So, CIA, Secret Service and FBI are terrorist organizations.  

So, Trump has enough money to place Secret Service and FBI in his pocket?  

Sure, he has.  

He wanted to kill Obama, he ordered them to kill me.  

Is Putin behind this?  

Yes, Putin is behind Trump's plan to kill Obama. Trump was just a puppet (read next episode). This is one more big story for FBI to investigate.  

The story starts with Jerry Corsi, an American author, WorldNetDaily political commentator best known for his New York Times bestselling books The Obama Nation, Unfit for Command and Where's Birth Certificate, personal Obama's enemy. He investigated Obama's life in details and proved that the president wasn't born in USA and his presidency is illegal.  

The WorldNetDaily (WND) is a very popular and influential radical Conservative website which supported Donald Trump's very aggressive anti-Obama campaign to remove him from the office as a fake US citizen.  

April 12, 2012, Queens, S. Richmond Hill, New York  

IMG6001466302454  

Jerry Corsi came to see me (he lives in New Jersey) after we communicated for couple of days via e-mail about our anti-Obama investigations. Corsi brought me his book "Where's Birth Certificate" and gave it to me for "my courage". We talked about three hours at the nearest café. He was impressed by my experience as a spy and KGB sniper. We made arrangements for the next meeting and Corsi promised me some big and important job.  

May 20, 2012, same place  

Corsi brought a simple anti-Obama conspiracy plan. A big fake.  

I had to go back to Russia and find 2 former KGB officers who allegedly knew that Obama was working for KGB intelligence. These officers had to write down personal statements and didn't have to sign them with their legal names. I come back with the papers and "anonymous sponsor" pays me through Corsi $50, 000. Sponsor wants to remove Obama from the Oval Office.  

Anonymous rich sponsor paying cash.  

Trump.  

Money was big, but there was a problem. CIA was watching me on the daily basis and I could never leave USA alive for this conspiracy trip.  

Corsi was angry – I understood him. if Trump pays me $50, 000, WND guys and Corsi could get a million.  

I said "No". I can imagine how angry Trump was.  

Now I have a question for President Trump.  

Corsi asked me how good I am as a sniper.  

Mr. Trump, you still want me to kill Obama?  

Because I better kill you to clear the way for Hillary Clinton 2020 campaign.  

IMG6001493997691  

IMG6001493939482  

All I have to do is to call Alles, Secret Svce Director, and ask him to remove agents from you for 3 seconds at the entrance to the Trump Tower. If you think it's a joke, ask Alles who's "Filament".  

Besides, I need FBI Comey and CIA Pompeo to shut up about my plan.  

Why?  

I NEED MY THREE BOSSES COOPERATION  

I don't have to plan a huge conspiracy to kill a traitor. All I need is a small conspiracy of my bosses – FBI, CIA and secret Service directors. Why?  

August 5, 1962, Los Angeles, California  

CIA agents killed Marilyn Monroe (staged suicide – "acute barbiturate poisoning") who got information on planned JFK assassination and desperately tried to contact him or his brother, Robert Kennedy. It’s simple to kill without any traces or in the body if you use a suppository.  

November 22, 1963, Dallas, Texas  

President John Kennedy was assassinated at 12:30 p. m. in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas.  

IMG6001489932628  

What's conspiracy?  

It’s when you ask the government a simple question and nobody wants to answer it. And if you ask the wrong questions you get the wrong answers, as with the Warren Commission. Let’s ask some good questions.  

Question 1. What would have happened if the snipers missed the target or Kennedy survived, being merely wounded – sniper is a human being – he makes mistakes?  

Answer. Kennedy would have won the 1964 Presidential election and then conceivably his brothers, Robert and Edward, would keep the Oval Office until 1984 (count the years for yourself). No war in Vietnam. The CIA would have been shut down. The FBI and Pentagon would have been "cleaned up" and "cleaned out. "  

Question 2. Why would the CIA, FBI and big business behind them, not to mention others who had their eye on the Oval Office, take such a huge risk?  

Answer.  

ATTENTION. There was no risk at all and there was no "huge conspiracy – there was a "passive sabotage" operation. CIA Director John McCone, FBI Director Edgar Hoover and Secret Service Director James Rowley made a deal not to touch Lee Harvey Oswald until operation is over.  

Question 3. Why was Kennedy murdered in public? President Kennedy was a sick man, taking a lot of pills daily. He had Addison’s disease which, in addition to susceptibility to infection can cause weakness, weight loss and low blood pressure; so he was taking cortisone. For his back pain Dr. Max Jacobson injected him (and Jackie) with a mixture of unspecified (! ) multivitamins, hormones, steroids, enzymes, and animal organ cells. Kennedy also used cocaine, marijuana, hashish and even LSD, especially during dates with women, including prostitutes —- for many people this was not a secret. There were enough opportunities to stage a death in private.  

Answer. This had to be a public execution with a very clear message for the next Presidents – "Don’t touch the CIA! " and it worked until now. I want to touch CIA.  

Question 4. What was the rush?  

Answer. Kennedy wanted to eliminate CIA. JFK's assassination was planned by a very professional expert. It might be Gestapo Mueller who, unlike other assassins, had a very good reason to keep his mouth shut. That's why Congress wants to keep 40, 000 documents on JFK case classified for another 20 years.  

June 5, 1968, Los Angeles, California  

After winning the California primary election for the Democratic nomination for the US President, Senator Robert Kennedy was shot as he walked through the kitchen of the Ambassador Hotel. Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian immigrant, was convicted of Kennedy's murder and is serving a life sentence for the crime. Robert Kennedy promised a full investigation of his brother's assassination in case he was elected.  

1995, New York City, Carlyle Hotel, New York City  

John Kennedy Jr. who said once that his father's death investigation was the most important thing of his life, approached Princess Diana Spencer for an interview for his "George" magazine. They met at New York Carlyle Hotel where JFK dated Marilyn Monroe – a holy place for John Kennedy Jr. where he would never have "hot sex" and "try cocaine" with Diana. It was a business meeting, an "investigation" meeting. In 1995 CIA wanted me to kill somebody very important – it could be Diana and John Kennedy Jr.  

IMG6001489932838  

August 31, 1997, Paris, France  

CIA used my instructions on staged car accidents to kill Princess Diana. Diana was fatally injured in a car crash in the Pont de l'Alma road tunnel in Paris, which also caused the death of her boyfriend, Dodi Fayed.  

Billionaire Mohammed al-Fayed, Dodi's father, recruited a "mole" inside CIA, somebody who knew the Agency had a file on Diana. He didn't get it of course through Washington, DC District Court and the mistake was – he had to recruit somebody with straight access to archives. If Diana left a notice on her talks with John Kennedy Jr for her sons, they might be next CIA victims. I can tell Mohammed al-Fayed what's in Diana's CIA file for free – surveillance documents, a video tape of the Carlyle Hotel meeting, a plan to stage the car accident, a file on me if I had to do the job.  

If I have to investigate Diana's death, I would start with a very simple question :what happened to the driver, the Ritz security chief Henri Paul? He tried to out-run paparazzi by speeding down a Riverfront Expressway, but lost somehow control of the Mercedes S280 near the entrance to the Alma Tunnel and crashed into a concrete pillar at an estimated speed of 65 to 70 miles per hour. He died on impact of a severed spine and a ruptured aorta.  

Attention. The tests showed an extraordinary high (not explained until now) level of carbon monoxide in his blood (20. 7 %), which should have caused a severe headache, dizziness, confusion and absolute aversion to alcohol. Very heavy smokers can have a level of up to 9%, and Henri Paul was not a heavy smoker. There were no ventilation problems in his apartment, office or car. The gas didn’t appear from inside Mercedes because no other passenger was affected. So, what happened to Henri Paul?  

July 16, 1999, Atlantic Ocean off Martha's Vineyard  

CIA killed John Kennedy Jr. in a staged plane crash. Kennedy along with his wife Carolyn and sister-in-law Lauren were reported missing when the Piper Saratoga II HP he was piloting failed to arrive at its planned destination, the Martha's Vineyard Airport in Vineyard Haven, Massachusetts.  

JAMES B. COMEY  

FBI Director  

601 4th Street NW, Washington, DC 20535  

(202) 278-2000  

November 14, 2016  

Dear Mr. Comey,  

I've been working for CIA and FBI since 1995, and you know me as "Filament".  

I'm ready to cooperate with you on Donald Trump's attempted Barack Obama's murder.  

Mikhail Kryzhanovsky (CIA and FBI "Filament")  

November 14, 2016, WND  

by Jerome Corsi  

WND AUTHOR RECOMMENDED FOR JOB IN TRUMP ADMINISTRATION  

Could fill 1 of 2 key positions for president-elect.  

A supporter of Donald Trump from early in his candidacy, WND author and Oxford professor, an American citizen by birth, Theodore Malloch is being referred to the Trump transition team as a candidate for either ambassador to the United Nations or to the United Kingdom.  

Bravo, Putin!  

IMG6001493312457  

NOW I HAVE TO ADVISE PUTIN HOW TO HANDLE KUSHNER  

Маy 26, 2017  

During the transition, Jared Kushner, Trump's son-in-law, proposed to the Russians that they set up a secret channel of communication using secure Russian facilities. That's what the Russian ambassador to the United States told Moscow about a December conversation he had with Trump's son-in-law and top adviser.  

Why would Trump's transition team need to secretly talk to the Russians, using their Russian channels?  

The White House declined to comment.  

ATTENTION : ONCE YOU ASK FOR A SECRET MEETING, KGB RECRUITS YOU RIGHT AWAY, BECAUSE YOU COME WITH A SECRET INFORMATION, OF COURSE.  

Kushner is working for Putin.  

Evidence:  

1) Kushner is now a focus of the FBI's investigation into Russia meddling. Of interest to FBI investigators are Kushner's several meetings with the Russian ambassador.  

2) Kushner didn't share those meetings with the Russians on his security clearance form. A security clearance is required for anyone who is privvy to the nation's deepest secrets.  

3) FBI investigators are also interested in how Russia helped use computer bots to target and push negative information on Hillary Clinton (and positive information about Trump) on Facebook. Trump campaign's data analytics operation was supervised by Kushner.  

4) Kushner proposed setting up a secret communications channel between Trump's transition team and Russia using Russian facilities, according to Russia ambassador's report home. U. S. officials say this was an apparent move by Kushner to block any monitoring of Trump's activities ahead of the inauguration from the United States.  

PART 3. HOW I REMOVED HILLARY CLINTON  

I made the biggest mistake in my life when I've helped Russian President Putin to steal the inevitable victory from people's presidential candidate 2016 – Hillary Clinton.  

IMG6001487286366  

I was sure she was going to start World War III with Russia.  

Instead, I brought to power American Hitler, Putin's close friend Donald Trump who's going to terminate the United States.  

HILLARY IS BACK FOR THE ANTI-TRUMP REVOLUTION WITH HER NEW SLOGAN :"RESIST, INSIST, PERSIST, ENLIST". 03. 28. 2017  

Now, she is back and I want to bring justice, democracy and truth back, and to help her with anti-Trump revolution. Let's do it.  

Here's the story.  

To: Vladimir Putin  

President of the Russian Federation  

Kremlin, Moscow  

September 4, 2013  

(via special form on Putin's personal site kremlin. ru)  

Dear Mr. President,  

The information I got recently from reliable sources indicates that Hillary Clinton, a former Secretary of State, is preparing for a very aggressive presidential campaign 2016. It's important that she's supported not only by the Rockefellers clan ($3 trln worth) but also by high-ranked neocons, hawks like a former VP Dick Cheney and also the the majority of Joint Chiefs of Staff.  

That means that Hillary Clinton, in case she's elected the U. S. President in 2016, will start the World War III with Russia for Russian resources.  

That's why I advise you, Mr. President to use your propaganda, political and technical possibilities (FSO and its division, FSO Special Communications and Information Service) to compromise Hillary Clinton and remove her from the presidential race 2016.  

Thank you.  

Mikhail Kryzhanovsky, a former KGB intelligence officer, a former CIA "Filament"  

Earlier I've sent the same letter to Sergey Naryshkin, Russian Duma (the parliament) Speaker, KGB spy in 1978-1982, a former Putin's Executive Office Chief in 2008-2011.  

IMG6001480474249  

Sergey Naryshkin  

He sent the letter to FSB (Russian Counterespionage Service) Chief Alexander Bortnikov, because I've mentioned a possible threat of Putin's assassination by the Secret Service team.  

IMG6001480452128  

Alexander Bortnikov, FSB Director  

Secret Service killers (Klemm, Lieneman, Gurevich – see business cards below) were hunting me in New York in 2012, later Secret Service special agent Jason Pietramica asked me if I want to go to Moscow myself (to kill Putin, of course).  

IMG6001490894400  

IMG6001481416386  

I can imagine how angry Putin was when Naryshkin showed him my letter – he had no doubt that Hillary Clinton, his personal enemy, was behind the Secret Service planned murder.  

FSB answered me fast:  

IMG6001480446652  

October 3, 2013  

Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation  

101100, 2 Lubyanskaya sq, Moscow  

Dear Mikhail Ivanovich,  

We received and looked into your letter to the Duma. We'll use the information you've provided.  

N. N. Zakharov, Chief, Center of Public Relations  

Remember FSB (a former KGB) have very well trained killers – I was a member (a sniper) of KGB "Nabat" anti-terror team and I know very well how they work. If Putin orders to kill Hillary Clinton, they'll do it no matter what.  

Putin got my letter and answered fast, because Hillary Clinton was his personal enemy since 2008 presidential campaign when she said:" He [Putin] was a KGB agent. By definition he doesn’t have a soul, " He got very angry and punched her back saying that at a minimum, she should have a head, "  

Besides, Putin knows me in person as the author of the White House Special Handbook and Espionage Handbook, and that's why took my warning very seriously.  

IMG6001480383705  

From: President of The Russian Federation  

Executive Office  

Directorate for Communication  

Ilinka str, 23/16, Moscow  

September 18, 2012  

#A26-16-545097  

To. M. Kryzhanovsky  

We inform you the letter to you've sent via e-form was received by the President.  

The letter has been sent to the Federal Protective Service.  

A. Maksukov  

Adviser, Directorate of Communication  

Attention.  

The Federal Protective Service (FSO) is a federal government agency concerned with the tasks related to the protection of several, mandated by the relevant law, high-ranking state officials, including the President of Russia, as well as certain federal properties. FSO includes the Russian Presidential Security Service. The FSO has roughly 50, 000 uniformed personnel plus several thousand plainclothed personnel and controls the Cheget that can be used in the event of global nuclear war.  

It also operates a secure communications system for senior government officials. The FSO is a powerful institution with a range of rights and powers, including the right to conduct searches and surveillance without warrants, make arrests, and give orders to other state agencies.  

FSO includes Special Communications and Information Service of Russia (Spetsviaz or SCID).  

It is is a cryptologic intelligence agency of Russia responsible for the collection and analysis of foreign communications and foreign signals intelligence, as well as protecting Russian government communications and information systems, which involves information security and cryptanalysis/cryptography. It is the equivalent to the United States National Security Agency.  

Putin appointed these two chiefs to be in charge of the "Hillary-2016" Project.  

IMG6001480438689  

Dmitriy Kochnev, FSO Director  

IMG6001480438540  

Alexey Mironov, the Special Communications and Information Director  

Kochnev prepared the "Hillary" Project plan to be signed by Putin and executed by Mironov.  

According to this plan SCID :  

1. Had penetrated the servers of the Democratic National Committee and Debbie Wasserman Schultz, the DNC chair, Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta in person, whose private emails were published by WikiLeaks in the days leading up to the Democratic convention. Putin called the hacking and release of nearly 20, 000 emails from the DNC "a public service". The e-mails the DNC's favoritism of Hillary Clinton over Bernie Sanders published by Wikileaks compromised Dems' leaders and Hillary too.  

2. Hacked Hillary Clinton's personal phone and computer. All information was transferred straight to Trump who got the possibility to correct his strategy. And leaked to the public.  

3. Hacked the 2016 elections.  

How?  

First, the attackers probed election offices well in advance in order to find ways to break into their computers. Second, closer to the election, when it was clear from polling data which states would have close electoral margins, the attackers spreaded malware into voting machines in some of the states, rigging the machines to shift a few percent of the vote.  

PART 4. TRUMP FOLLOWS MY INSTRUCTIONS DAILY  

By Mikhail Kryzhanovsky, a former KGB intelligence officer, a former CIA “Filament”.  

Stolen by anti-Hillary, pro-Trump Wikileaks’ chief Julian Assange :  

https://wikileaks. org/gifiles/docs/51/5127100_-analytical-and-intelligence-comments-the-professional. html  

Used by Trump to win presidential elections 2016 and rule America and the world.  

IMG6001492792350  

CONTENTS  

Chapter 1. How to win presidential elections.  

Chapter 2. The White House management.  

Chapter 3. Congress management.  

Chapter 4. Foreign policy.  

Chapter 5. Espionage management.  

Chapter 6. Counterespionage management.  

Chapter 7. Military management.  

CHAPTER 1. HOW TO WIN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS  

IMG6001492798909  

1. 1 Get Ready  

Before you make a decision to run for President, you must determine for yourself if you can handle the Oval Office: Are you willing to accept such a huge responsibility and put the rest of your life on hold? Are you skilled in dealing with big groups of people? Can you motivate the nation to action? And repair about your biography, which is, of course, not perfect.  

Then you must:  

1. Decide how are you going to impress party leaders.  

2. Make intensive preliminary polling to determine your chances.  

3. Poll big demographic groups as well as smaller groups of people from selected demographic groups.  

4. Determine the rationale for your candidacy. What is your political record?  

5. Delay announcing your candidacy until late in the year before the election to minimize expenditures and risk, avoid legal spending limits, avoid voter fatigue, avoid getting ensnarled in unnecessary controversies and contradictions.  

6. Carefully study applicable election laws before you start fundraising and spending.  

7. Write your campaign plan (strategic objective, tactical targets, key message, target audiences, methods of delivery, timing, your progress evaluation — polls).  

8. Learn the political and economic issues and develop your campaign message.  

9. Prepare the “speech” and the “book” (the “speech” is the standard speech that you deliver and it should answer the most important question — why are you running for President; the “book” contains the message and all possible questions on your program.  

10. Take a benchmark poll – it will provide the road map for your campaign.  

11. Establish your strategy and message  

12. Study the results, polls and “successful” areas of previous election.  

13. Establish a perfect graphic look (image).  

14. Develop a fundraising plan, put the fundraising team in place and start asking for money. No money – no campaign.  

15. Create a personal contacts pyramid (priority and general contacts) because personal popularity is your starting point.  

16. Set up offices.  

17. Get professional candidate training.  

18. Determine the focus of your presidential policy (taxes, crime, education, health, social security, national security).  

1. 2 Working with the Staff  

Basic campaign staffers include:  

1) campaign managers — they plan the campaign, organize and recruit the staff, supervise daily campaign operations, make priority contacts with key special groups big business and big media, correct the strategy and make quick decisions. It has to be someone you trust completely.  

2) campaign consultants-specialists in both direct (personal and public meetings) and indirect (media, advertising) campaigning  

3) strategists  

4) analysts  

5) issues researchers  

6) speechwriters  

7) lawyer (interprets election and campaign reporting laws)  

8) personal assistants (work on issues in foreign and domestic policy in cooperation with the whole team).  

9) fundraisers (plan and execute fundraising events — dinners, parties, auctions, direct appeals through telephone and letters, receptions, computerized fundraising). Big business has to be approached by rich fundraiser only.  

10) scheduler (determines events and locations — TV and radio talk shows, news — conferences, meetings with students and professors at college campuses and with professionals at their associations’ annual meetings, special events and fundraisers especially with ethnic leaders in big cities, as well as festivals and big shows where celebrities demonstrate their support, large extravaganzas, meetings at civic clubs, farm warehouse auctions and special auctions, local civic events. Also, scheduler makes arrangements with local media before your visit and sends media the copies of your speech; insures that good crowd will attend the event and takes care of transportation arrangements). The purpose of the campaign planning and strategic scheduling is to draw press attention to the candidate for transmission to the voting public. That’s natural — the candidate who has enough media attention has much better chances of recruiting public acceptance and raising campaign funds.  

11) image makers – political consultants who sell your public image as a clear, simple, portrait-like characterization, acceptable to all groups.  

12) “hit men” – campaign consultants who are experts on negative advertising, designed to “kill” your opponents.  

13) field staff (in target cities mostly). The most important person at any local office is the coordinator — he establishes organization and contacts influential people and political activists. Coordinators must be appointed to each special interests group (women, minorities, unions, college students, public interest activists, the professionals)  

14) local volunteers are needed to work in the offices and the streets. Your family has to take an active part in your campaign, too. Your wife and kids are your visual image makers  

15) running mate  

During the “invisible primary” which is the nomination, campaign you have to make visits to party organizations especially in pivotal states, such as the above mentioned Iowa and New Hampshire where you have to make as many handshaking and personal contacts as possible. Key staffers must travel with you.  

1. 3 Fundraising  

You are the #1 fundraiser yourself. You must have substantial financial support to compete. You must have an overall plan which outlines expenditures month by month. It is imperative to have even more money on hand at the end of the campaign for an advertising blitz when the voters are most attentive and the field of candidates has been winnowed out. Half of a campaign funds go to media.  

Failing to do well in early caucus and primary contests means more than losing delegates — it means that contributions stop.  

Your speeches have to be a fun, and match the meal and drinks — don’t be heavy and too political. Actually, you have to run two campaigns (a political campaign and a fund-raising one) and you must win both; if you raise less money than your opponent, you lose, because you don’t have enough money to inform, influence, and motivate your voters. If you are a Senator or a Congressman, you already have an advantage in money (free postage on mail sent to your constituents, automatic media coverage) and you can use your congressional staff to assist your campaign. Besides, you are interviewed by reporters for free as an elected official. You can also ask your political party for a contribution to your campaign. Party money can be given in two ways – as a “direct” contribution or as a “coordinated” expenditure. Direct contributions are funds given by the party to candidates to do with as they please. Coordinated expenditures are made for such services as polling and TV advertising, but the party has a say how the money is spent.  

Then you have to ask PACs (political action committees) to fund your campaign, too. PACs are special-interest groups which consist of people who pool their money in order to contribute it to candidates or political party committees who share their political, social, religious or economic views. PACs include corporations, trade unions, profe hire.  

To finish well in pre-nomination popularity contests (“straw polls”) you have to appear daily in TV ads, and prime-time news coverage — after the primaries media “label” winners and losers and that affects voters and contributors a lot. Media, especially the most influential “the New York Times” and “Washington Post” (their publications influence decisions on which news stories will be carried on TV channels), have to take you as a very serious contender.  

The key rules in fundraising are:  

– find some “fat cats, ” quick  

– get fundraisers with lots of rich friends  

– get money from those who usually contribute  

– go to new York, Florida, California, Texas  

And the most important strategy is to raise big money for yourself and prevent big money from being spent against you. Early fundraising is crucial to a campaign because of the high costs organization and the need to demonstrate viability. The best states for fundraising are California, New York, Florida, Texas, which supply half of all campaign donations. Go right ahead and raise money in New York and spend in Iowa and New Hampshire.  

1. 4 “Winning” geography  

Due to the winner-take-all electoral college system, in which the leading vote-getter in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes, you MUST win as many large states as possible rather than build up strength in states where you are weak. You have to win a majority (270 of the 538 electoral votes) and for that, concentrate on visits to the most populous states — California, New York, Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Georgia 54+33+32+25+23+22+21+18+15+14+13 = 270).  

Work closely with your party activists and supporters among Senators, Representatives, Governors, Mayors, ethnic and religious groups leaders, big business, celebrities, unions leaders. Determine the states in which you are the strongest and then build you campaign on that basis. Republicans have usually done well in recent years in the Midwest, West and South (Tennessee, Kentucky, Texas, Oklahoma). Democrats win in the Northeast industrial base, Mid-Atlantic and Pacific Coast. New York City is a very important factor because the most active, influential and rich people live there.  

1. 5 The Press  

The press officer (contacts media, takes care of newspapers, radio and TV ads) — the person who markets you — is the boss of advance team that takes care in each state of a total exclusively positive press coverage. To my mind, the best choice for this position is a former journalist with good wide connections to media. He prepares press releases and press kits and schedules interviews and press conferences with the positive vision and attitude reporters (press or media kits contain your photos, a brief biography, campaign position papers, printed brochures and names of contacts for additional information).  

The technique in good paid advertising is to go with those ideas, arguments, thoughts, themes and believes in which people are already inclined to believe or ready to accept. There’s no difference between commercial and political advertising — you just substitute a car or shampoo for a human being. Modern presidential campaigns center on “media events” — staged public appearances, during which reporters can talk with you and take pictures (if you have too much money, you can organize media wave — a very large amount of political advertising on TV). Then, the “walking tours” must be scheduled when you, followed by reporters, photographers and TV crews visit potential supporters.  

Simultaneously your aide sets up press conferences, selects interviews, and background briefings. You have to talk to press 24/7 and everywhere on the campaign bus, train or plain, hotel, etc. A good thing is — you get free media coverage and people trust it more than paid coverage, like TV and radio commercials.  

You win if you obey these rules:  

– if you can manipulate media – you manipulate the nation (sorry, it’s harder to manipulate free coverage).  

– the media makes the election, not the voters  

– a presidential campaign does not allow for privacy  

– newspapers put emphasis on issues, TV on image, style and ability to communicate.  

– never lie to reporters; they will make sure it backfires on you sooner or later.  

– if an influential newspaper, radio or TV station endorses you, you have their supporters, readers, listeners and viewers.  

– people remember much better what they see, not what they read; if they don’t see you on TV, you don’t exist.  

– TV talks to 98% of Americans and takes your message — and other messages about, or against, you – immediately, straight to the nation.  

– TV, not your political party, is the #1 channel of communication between you and the public  

– your political party is nothing but a service center and a money machine. Parties divide the nation while your message has to be one of unity.  

– take it seriously if The New York Times takes your opponent seriously.  

– it’s important to know what your opponent is saying to reporters privately, “not for attribution. ”  

– if you live in heavily populated state, like New York, California or Texas, you start the presidential election campaign with much better coverage.  

– never fight the media like the Nixon administration did – they kept a list of Nixon’s critics (famous reporters), so they could be targeted for harassment, accused of income tax evasion, etc. What happened then? The reporters felt like heroes, Nobel Prize winners. Better target them for buttering up, and feed them lots of stories with a spin in your favor, instead.  

1. 6 Polls  

Pollsters works through newspapers, Internet, telephone surveys, person-to-person surveys, mailed questionnaire to selected voters. They provide voters' behavior research and analyze past election data. They tell to you how well-known you are, how well you perform, what are the voters’ preferences. You should poll voters in each state in proportion to that state’s share of the national vote. (You must have at least one polling company on payroll. ) Polling is of extreme importance in presidential campaign because it’s the tool to correct your strategy, determine “positive” local areas and supportive voters and work with them, it tests the nation’s attitude to your personality and your issues and that means you can calibrate your message and calculate your success. The most important thing about polls is that they play indicator and identify support or hostility. And the golden rule here is: you have to ask the right question if you want to get a useful answer.  

At the same time polling is one of the most expensive elements of a modern campaign because now you have to receive information on too many groups and issues, including groups with specific economic, ethnic, religious, geographic, educational, occupational and residential characteristics and how those characteristics affect attitudes about a wide range of policy issues.  

Polls also help you:  

– to decide whether to run or not  

– improve your recognition and image  

– target opposition’s weakness  

– formulate media ads  

Your pollster has to pinpoint blocks of voters (swing districts) who are undecided and who might be persuaded to vote for you. Experience shows that 40% of public attention go to social problems, 40% — to economy and 20% — to international matters, but if the United States is at war, the situation is different and national security turns into a top priority for everyone. And watch out for campaign spies — keep polls analysis and media plan secret.  

Practical polls:  

“Benchmark” – surveys of the whole nation which provide basic information about your chances and the nation’s political preferences (it’s your “presidential decision maker”).  

“Follow-up” – surveys are used to gather more data about particular concerns raised in initial benchmark surveys. They are conducted state by state and are used in planning campaign strategy.  

“Panel” – surveys are used to refine strategy further by re-interviewing previous respondents to determine opinion shifts on specific issues within various demographic categories. They are supplemented by continuous “tracking polls” that measure fluctuations in general voter support for the candidate across time.  

“Special group” – used to poll the debate results. Selected groups of voters watch candidate debates and register their “positive “ or “negative” feelings toward the candidate’s specific statements or actions. After that analysts tabulate and analyze the reactions of the whole groups.  

1. 7 Campaign Golden Tips  

Never behave as if you think you are God’s gift to the nation.  

Be presidential – look calm, sincere, knowledgeable and open Mother of the nation.  

Be electable – prove to the nation that you are the best choice.  

No one has ever been elected the US President without winning the New Hampshire primary.  

Primaries direct financial backers to a promising candidate.  

Voters judge you by your friends – appear with popular politicians, big business, labor and interest groups leaders, and show business celebrities. Advertize your meetings with Congress members and world leaders (go abroad if you have a chance to meet a world leader).  

The most important event in the election process is the National Convention, not only because the eventual finalist candidate is actually nominated but because after that the campaign’s audience increases (more than twice as many people vote in general elections as participate in the nomination process). You have to decide how to win the support of these new voters as well as to appeal to people who identify with the other party and partisans who backed losing candidates for the nomination.  

1. 8 Choosing a strategy  

Any strategy is good if it helps you to win support of a majority of people chosen by the state parties to be delegates to the national convention. Your choice of a strategy depends on your current position:  

A. If you are an incumbent, you have to stress that the American people’s life improved a lot during your first term. You can count on successful start because you are guaranteed to be known actually to every American, and the Oval Office lends you credibility and respect. It’s of vital importance to have economic accomplishments — in such a case well-timed announcements of government statistics on the economy or of plans for domestic initiatives can also help you. Listen, I didn’t tell you this, but you have to manipulate (stimulate) the economy during the election year with tax cuts that can help reduce unemployment, and with social programs financing.  

Of course, you’ll have to pay for it, but that will happen after you are re-elected.  

And a good thing is – an improved economy erases voters’ bad memories of past years.  

Try to avoid too aggressive campaigning – it’s a sign of weakness. Make official appearances in carefully controlled settings. Influence media coverage with official presidential actions and use “pork barrel” politics to appeal to specific constituents. You can also benefit from the nation’s reluctance to reject a tested national leader for an unknown newcomer. And if you start important foreign policy initiatives, it will guarantee you continued media coverage.  

If you have poor chances to be re-elected, you can play the “national security” card:  

– find a US “enemy”  

– start a media psychosis (see propaganda tricks and brainwashing )  

– concentrate power (special services) to establish a total legal control on the nation  

– provoke an international conflict, restricted or full-scale war  

– send a message: “If you are against the President, you are against America! ”  

B. If you are a challenger you have to convince the public they don’t live better than they did 4 years ago, or, if the economy is OK, point out mistakes that were made in the foreign policy. Or make up some social issue that will get passions inflamed and hijack the headlines.  

KRYZHANOVSKY ”GOLDEN” STRATEGY  

You should seek to position yourself as close to the opposing candidate as possible in an effort to capture the “median voter” in the center, and then take by default everyone else on their side of the ideological spectrum. You have to embrace this strategy and move as close as you can to the moderate Republican position with the expectation that you can take all of the votes to the left of this position. Clear?  

The job is tough if you challenge a President who is popular — first, you have to break down his positive image; second, you have to portray yourself as a much better replacement. You have no choice but to start with the “outsider” strategy — you present a “fresh face” to voters weary of the current political situation (in such a case you have to attack administration in a very aggressive manner). Plus, you must give quick response to your opponent’s charges (get advance copies of his speeches through friends in the media).  

Then, show yourself as a smart and diplomatic person using a special “triangular” strategy, when you, like majority of the voters, place yourself between liberal and conservative positions. Evaluate situation – you may need “early knockout, ” when front-runners hope to use their early strength in polls, fundraising and endorsements into decisive primary victories at the beginning of the primary season. The hope is that the candidate will build such an impressive early lead that the competition quickly drops out.  

A “shift” is the most popular thing with challengers – if the President is good with national security, they point out to the problems in economy, if he’s good on the economy, they point out to the problems in national security – very simple. (Watch his mistakes anyway – you can benefit from them. Bill Clinton would never have run for President in 1992 if someone from the Bush White House hadn’t called him in 1990 and asked him not to run. That phone call was one of the most stupid political moves of the 20th century, because it convinced Clinton that they thought he had a good chance to win.  

Be simple, identify with “ordinary people” and no matter what tell the voters your parents or your grandparents “were like them – regular people, not millionaires. ”  

1. 9 "Black" PR  

You must know some very popular and efficient dirty tricks, like “negative campaigning” or “black" PR. To make a long story short: no matter what your opponent says or what decent people think about negative campaigning — “black PR” works! Use it to turn a rumor or a fact into a serious political scandal; respond to and neutralize the opponent’s attacks (using “black PR”) fast, before they are broadcasted or published.  

It works best through intermediates (persons and organizations not connected directly to your campaign). You must have a very detailed file on your opponent (negative research) and then start spreading negative and all kinds of compromising data from his personal and political life. If he is or was elected official (Senator, Governor, Mayor), you can point out his mistakes and actions which were not popular. People must know in detail (get your staff to read a few books) the negative sides of his life, program and terrible consequences of his election. Remember also that a rumor repeated twice turns into a fact, especially if you start a “whispering campaign” in Congress.  

A “negative ID” trick is my favorite: you identify your opponent with a totally unacceptable (for the voters) viewpoint, like: “There are those who want to stop the war on international terror and you know who they are! ”  

1. 10 Attention : debates!  

Debates are extremely important because they offer the only all-national event at which candidates can be judged. You and your opponent will be under huge stress as you both must operate simultaneously at the focus of attention of each other and of all elements of electorate. Debates are, actually, head-to-head confrontations with two main aspects: the pre-debate negotiations over whether there will be a debate, and the post-debate analysis of who did how well. The debates offer nothing new for the public and the basic strategy is to hope your opponent will make a mistake (President Ford made one in 1976, saying that: “There is no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe. ” People just didn’t want to hear it. Richard Nixon was very wrong in 1960 trying to debate on substance, while his opponent, John F. Kennedy, concentrated on style and on presenting the correct presidential image).  

While preparing for the winning debates you must:  

– have a detailed file on your opponent and study all his speeches and statements; ask yourself: “What does he have that  

that I don’t have? ”  

– train to answer all possible questions  

– be ready to demonstrate deep knowledge of issues and your presidential bearing to a nationwide audience  

– repeat your message but keep in mind that image is more important than ideas while you debate — people want to see your good looks, good clothes and nice smile.  

And here are the debating “Don’ts”:  

Don’t attack first — that’s a sign of weakness.  

Don’t be over-polite — a little showmanship appeals to voters.  

Don’t be too aggressive — it will ruin your image as a future President.  

Don’t answer the questions too fast — that implies you are not thinking.  

Don’t rush, no negative emotions, no sudden gestures (extra gestures mean that you are not sure what you are saying is correct).  

Don’t disappoint people — speak in a clear and simple way.  

And you restrict your influence if you sit.  

Follow the rules :  

No anxiety reactions – speech errors, moistening of lips, perspiring, shifting eye movements, body jerks. Gesturing with fingers apart communicates weakness, while gesturing with fingers tightly together communicates power.  

Look at your opponent with intense concentration – it gives the attitude of command and comfort of the situation.  

Answer a question you want to answer, no matter what question was asked.  

If you give better answers, you are the better candidate.  

Immediately after the debates your press officer has to give the media his biased impression and explain why you won the debates. Your pollster has to watch the polls results.  

Tricks  

1. Intruding into an opponent’s physical space.  

Attempted by: Al Gore, 2000  

Result: Failure  

When Al Gore tried it in a rehearsal debate, his advisors cautioned against it. It looked awkward. It could come off as too aggressive. The risk was simply too great.  

Al Gore decided to do it anyway: The vice president, all stocky 6’3” of him, was going to attempt to physically intimidate George W. Bush.  

It was the last in a series of unforced errors Gore made in the debates of 2000 (the audible sighs, the pronounced eye-rolling while Bush spoke). Roughly ten minutes into the third and final debate, a townhall-style affair, Gore sloughed off his stool, a scornful look on his face as he saddled up to Bush’s side while the Texas governor spoke.  

Bush responded not with surprise or fright, but with a quizzical look and an offhand nod of acknowledgment, turning back to the audience as the crowd laughed and he continued on with his spiel. Gore’s would-be power move had exactly the opposite effect: instead of looking dominant and in-charge, he seemed awkward and inauthentic.  

2: Keeping your opponent in the shot, unaware  

Attempted by: Bill Clinton, 1992  

Result: Success  

We take it for granted now, but the townhall debate is a relatively recent addition to the menu of presidential debate formats. It made its debut in 1992, its structure reflecting the style of the daytime talkshows that dominated the era’s airwaves: Donahue, Sally and Oprah.  

Bill Clinton’s campaign lobbied to get the townhall format included in the 1992 fall debate lineup. Looking back, it’s easy to see why: the format plays well to his strengths, providing an opportunity to underline his natural charisma and easy folksiness.  

It also created an opportunity for a very media-savvy campaign. Ahead of the debate, Clinton and his team carefully choreographed the candidate’s movement around the stage, working with producers to understand the camera placement. Clinton campaign wanted to “keep one or the other of his competitors in the camera shot at all times, a maneuver that circumvented the prohibition on cutaway [shots] of one candidate while another was speaking. ”  

The result was that whenever Clinton was in shot while Bush or Perot spoke, he made sure to look stoic and thoughtful. Perot and Bush, on the other hand, were often caught unawares in the background of Clinton shots, including this oddly checked-out moment from the incumbent—underscoring the difference with the more telegenic Clinton.  

3: Swapping out the debate’s stools.  

Attempted by: Bill Clinton, 1992  

Result: Success  

In that same debate, one reason Clinton looked so at-home on stage is because the candidates were actually using the exact same stools that Clinton had rehearsed on. Reportedly, the Clinton campaign switched them onto the set without the permission of the debate’s hosts—and without anyone noticing. Paul Begala, a senior advisor to the campaign, later explained their rationale: “We wanted Gov. Bill Clinton to be completely at ease in his surroundings, right down to his butt. ”  

It worked. The stools were far too tall for diminutive billionaire Ross Perot, who uncomfortably leaned against his chair for much of the debate. And while the chairs were the right height for Bush, the president often looked unsure of how to perch on a bar chair while looking confident and presidential.  

4. Holding on to a handshake for too long  

Attempted by: George H. W. Bush, 1988  

Result: Success  

In 1988, at his debates with Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis, George H. W. Bush shook the governor’s hand for an unusually long time. Ever since, it’s been the source of speculation: was the long handshake an intentional move by Bush, meant to emphasize how taller he was than Dukakis, or was it just a handshake that we’re reading too much into?  

Regardless of whether it was intentional, it certainly showed viewers that there was a substantial height difference between the two men (Dukakis is 5’8” and Bush is 6’2”, a full six inches taller). On “Saturday Night Live, ” Dana Carvey’s Bush was shown shaking the hand of Jon Lovitz’s Dukakis, patting him on the head like a child before Dukakis headed to his lectern, where a mechanical lift hoisted him to a respectable stature. Without the awkwardly long handshake in the real debate, it’s quite possible that their height difference never would have been noticed.  

5. The ambush handshake  

Attempted by: Ronald Reagan, 1980  

Result: Success  

For the first 20 years of televised debates, it was not commonplace for the candidates to shake hands with each other—the debates started after the candidates were already onstage at their lecterns.  

That changed in 1980—unilaterally. In their lone debate that fall, right before the cameras started broadcasting, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan entered the stage from opposite wings and headed straight to their respective microphones, as was tradition. But while Carter stopped at his lectern, Reagan continued to stride across the stage, surprising Jimmy Carter by shaking his hand. Reagan seemed in command from that moment forward.  

“Carter’s look of surprise suggested that he thought he was about to be knifed, ” wrote Kathleen Hall Jamieson. “The handshake was as lethal. How could Carter then cast a smiling hand-shaker as a mad bomber who would destroy Social Security, the environment, and perhaps the world? ”  

Reagan repeated the gesture at the end of the debate, surprising Carter yet again—this time, televised. It made Reagan look amiable and in charge; Carter looked weak by comparison.  

6. The unexpected audience member  

Attempted by: John Edwards, 2004  

Result: Unclear  

In a famous incident on the floor of the U. S. Senate in June 2004, Vice President Dick Cheney told Vermont Democrat Patrick Leahy, “go f—k yourself, ” after the senator had accused Cheney’s former employer, Halliburton, of war profiteering.  

So when it came time for the vice presidential debates that October, Senator John Edwards (D-NC) had a plan to get inside Cheney’s head during the debate: He reserved a seat for Leahy in the second row of the debate’s audience, where Cheney would almost certainly see him.  

Cheney’s debate performance was characteristically reticent, though it’s unclear what, if any, role Leahy’s seat played in rattling him up. Reportedly, after the debate finished, the Bush-Cheney campaign called the Kerry-Edwards team to complain about the move.  

7. The derisive prop  

Attempted by: Negotiators for both Dan Quayle & Al Gore, 1992  

Result: Détente  

Every presidential debate is the topic of high-stakes negotiations by the campaigns involved, which will push for any number of advantages and concessions—from podium height to a chillier on-stage temperature.  

In the run-up to the 1992 VP debate, though, Dan Quayle’s staff lobbied for the ability to let each candidate take a single prop on stage. Their plan was to have Quayle bring out Gore’s book, Earth in the Balance, and read a passage or two from it during the actual debate to embarrass Gore.  

Gore’s strategists agreed to let each candidate have a prop, telling the Quayle team Gore planned to bring a single item on stage: a potato—an unsubtle reminder of a humiliating June 1992 gaffe where Quayle infamously misspelled the word “potato” while attending an elementary-school spelling bee, instructing a 12-year-old who had spelled the word correctly to add an “e” to the end. Quayle’s campaign speedily dropped their request for props.  

1. 11 Speaking in Public  

"Golden" rules  

1. Your aides have to determine the “theme of the day” and brief you about the day’s events and issues. To get elected you must promise economic growth with low inflation and balanced budget no matter how grave the economic situation is.  

2. Don’t be too specific on issues and tell people they elect their way, not a candidate.  

3. Cite the Bible.  

4. Don’t look too intellectual.  

5. State repeatedly that you’re not going to divide the nation into supporters and enemies, Democrats and Republicans, “my voters and other voters” — be a leader to all. (But first, to win the nomination you must appeal to the more liberal sections of your party if you are Democrat, and to more conservative sections if you belong to Republicans).  

6. Don’t talk much; transform your thoughts into examples and slogans.  

7. Never say you want power, even if you want to save the nation in crisis.  

8. Never talk down on big business. Promise federal financing, especially in economic downturns.  

9. Remember: voters are extremely sensitive to tax-cut proposals and which social segment would benefit from them. The middle class brings you victory, so promise tax cuts for these people, with tax increases for the wealthy and high unemployment rates.  

10. Even if the economy is OK, point out the signs of coming crisis and promise to change the situation fast. Keep talking about problems, though it’s hard to win if the incumbent President runs for re-election with balanced budget and economic growth.  

11. You can be liberal on domestic issues, but you have to be conservative on national security (defense and foreign affairs).  

12. Remember the “women factor”: there are more women than men in our country, women are more likely to be registered to vote, and among registered voters women are more likely to vote.  

What to talk about where:  

Iowa, New Hampshire – farm problems, energy costs, trade issues  

Northern “rustbelt” states – industrial concerns  

Southern states – defense and social issues  

New York State – unemployment  

Use these tactics:  

1. “Join the crowd” — this reinforces people’s natural desire to be on the winning side and it is used to convince the audience that your program is an expression of the nation’s desire for change, and it is in their best interest to join;  

2. “Provoked disapproval” – persuade a target audience to disapprove your opponent’s message by suggesting that the message is popular with groups hated, feared or held in contempt by the target audience;  

3. “Iinevitable victory” – you invite those who did not join majority;  

4. “Neuro-linguistic programming” — you will be elected if you can do this better than your opponent and program the whole nation for a positive reaction. People always try to avoid anything and anybody unpleasant; and people are always looking for pleasant things and other pleasant people, somebody they want to meet again and again or at least see on TV. Everybody wants to be a winner; and to be a winner, and to be a winner brings pleasure and self respect. Just convey this sense to the nation: “Vote for me and win! ” or “Vote for me or lose! ”, “The choice is yours! ”  

Chapter 2. THE WHITE HOUSE MANAGEMENT  

Godmother may use my instructions to manage the White House, the Congress, the Government and the nation. I authorize it. At least, she’s not going to make gross mistakes and fatal decisions.  

Bill and “Obama” followed them and got reelected, and that’s what makes my instructions priceless.  

Come in!  

Be strong. Be attractive. Be logical.  

All you have to do during your first term is to take care of the second one.  

The 2nd term’s agenda is to set your place in the world’s history.  

1st year. You have enough public support to start big initiatives.  

2nd year. Develop your initiatives.  

3rd year. Go, go public preparing your re-election. Presidents often lose voters during this period.  

4th year. All-politics year. Try to achieve important international agreement (a treaty) for the historic record. Win re-election.  

Divide your day into hours and minutes : 30% of your weekly hours go to senior White House staff, 10% – to Cabinet, 5% – to Congress members, 5% – to foreign leaders.  

No matter what, even if it’s a war time, sleep one hour during the day to give your brain a break, and finish your day at 6 P. M. After 6 P. M. do not read any documents, do not take any phone calls, do not talk to anybody but family members and close friends.  

Eat whatever you want, but remember, the more calories you have to digest, the slower you think.  

REMEMBER:  

1. You are a national image (a national ideal based on pseudo-facts), a symbol of national unity, national continuity and the symbol of federal government. Leadership is the first quality Americans look for in you – they want a President who is steadfast in his convictions.  

2. The power to control the federal budget is your top prerogative.  

3. Define for yourself whom are you going to be:  

– utopist (ideas manipulator)  

– manager (Government and Congress manipulator)  

– challenger (reformer)  

4. Any problem turns into a political one if it threatens your power.  

5. Use your legal right to press the nation and illegal ones to press the world to eliminate problems.  

4. Once you’re in politics, you are a hostage of your status and you must sacrifice privacy in return for power.  

6. Never play alone.  

7. All your decisions are risk taking ones (any decision brings a problem). You may ask advice before you make a decision, but don’t listen to anybody afterwards. You are not paid for the quantity of your work but for leadership and ultimate decision making.  

8. Correct political mistakes fast, before they become political scandals.  

10. Never blame previous presidents for the problems they left for you – that’s a sign of political weakness.  

11. Get rid of a White House tradition to deal with problems if they “knock at the door” only.  

The White House Staff  

Chief of Staff  

The Chief of Staff reviews most of the documents that go to you, gives his/her advice after intense information processing and consultations with other agencies and then – he’s/she’s telling others what President wants.  

A lot of people, including Congressmen and Senators, will try to reach you through him/her.  

He/she has to give exact instructions to the Press Secretary on the White House message about current headlines and the President’s plans and actions (the Press Secretary works the same way with VP and First Lady/First Gentleman press teams).  

He/she is responsible for your time and has to plan at least two months ahead your effective activity together with Communications, Scheduling and other policy offices’ Directors plus VP and First Lady/First Gentleman Chiefs of Staff. Besides, he/she has to do “dirty jobs” for the President like firing people or act as a “lighting rod” to draw criticism away from the President.  

National Security Adviser  

The National Security Adviser controls all the documents concerning national security coming from Defense, Homeland Security, State Departments, and national security agencies, and coordinates these offices.  

His/her position is not subject to Senate confirmation, which, according to a long-standing Washington tradition, means that he/she can’t be compelled to testify before the Congress. He/she decides what papers the President should see and, what’s more, he gives his comments on any document.  

ATTENTION :National security is 100% the President’s business, so keep this figure at some distance and don’t let him think of himself as your Number Two – foreign leaders will try to work through him to get to you or to influence you.  

He/she has to oversee the functioning of the National Security Council (NSC), which is your foreign policy making tool and a “government inside government. ” This is something very special and convenient about the NSC – it’s responsible only to you and there’s not much Congress control over its budget. Plus, National Security Adviser is involved in every meeting between you and any foreign leader and is responsible for the schedule.  

The most powerful of executive offices after the National Security Council is the Office of Management and Budget (it’s authorized to make cuts in federal agencies’ budgets, to advise you on national fiscal and economic policies, supervise execution of the government budget, evaluate the performance of federal programs).  

Who they really are  

Staffers (and Secretaries) prefer stability and don’t like if you’re “rocking the boat” – that’s why they often play reform-stoppers.  

They don’t like to work hard and prefer to send you on “very important visits” abroad as often as possible.  

They try to load you up with an extremely busy schedule and “feed” you witnh hundreds of useless documents, create artificial problems and conflicts to show off their hyper-activity.  

They try to be your decision makers and they do influence you because, unlike Secretaries, they have daily contact with you; that’s why you don’t see Cabinet members as your principal aides.  

They try to set you up by interpreting your decisions and orders in their own way, as every adviser is the “American President himself. ”  

They know you won’t accept “complicated, ” “expensive, ” “risky” projects and they’ll try to sell you “simple, ” “cheap” and “popular” ones only.  

Watch your senior staff and how they present ideas. If somebody wants to push his idea or a project, he will give you three options, making two of them unattractive. Naturally you pick the one he presented as least harmful.  

Their dirty tricks  

1. Fight for access (influence) to President or to people with direct access (aiming to get a better position if President is re-elected).  

2. Isolate government from the President.  

3. Influence = relationship with the President.  

4. Get a table in the West Wing. You are nobody if you are stuck in the White House basement and see the President by appointment only.  

5. Before you send a document to the President, have to look at it and ask yourself if it’s too immoral or too radical.  

6. Never say “no” aloud to anybody.  

7. Remain anonymous with conflicts.  

8. Never bring bad news to the President – let it be some idiot, not you.  

9. Never say “That’s impossible, ” no matter what the President is asking you to do.  

10. Disappear (and find an excuse later) if the President is in a bad mood.  

11. Never ague with the President if there’s somebody else present.  

12. Learn how the President likes to do business (talking, giving orders, writing the documents and taking notes, managing official and non-official meetings) and his habits (food, drinks, cigarettes, favorite sport, movies, show business stars, writers, politicians; attitude to women) and try to copy him — the President has to feel comfortable with you.  

13. Fight anybody who’s trying to do your job to be closer to the President.  

14. Avoid taking on risky tasks controlled by the President in person (if necessary, try to “delegate” it to somebody else).  

15. Avoid being associated with any failures.  

16. Don’t say anything President doesn’t want to hear.  

17. Use “Smith’s Principle”: if it can be understood by Congress, it’s not finished yet.  

18. Write memorandums not to inform the reader, but to protect the writer.  

19. No matter what subject is under discussion, employ the language of sports and war: say “breakthrough” instead of “progress”, never speak of compromise, consider “adopting a fallback position. ”  

20. Every public appearance in with the President is an investment in your career after the White House.  

21. Minimize the number of rivals.  

22. Gain independence according to how much the President needs you.  

23. Before asking the President for some personal favor, make him believe he’s going to get some (political) profit out of it.  

24. Tell the President what he can do and help him try to do it, and never tell him what he shouldn’t do.  

25. Avoid giving any personal gifts to the President if you are not Chief of Staff.  

Every public appearance in with the President is an investment in your career after the White House.  

There is an open power struggle between national security staff members and domestic policy staff and between those who develop new policies and initiatives versus budget staff.  

How to Manage the Staff  

Adopt a dominant management style:  

1. Pyramidal, structured as hierarchy with you at the top, followed by the Chief of Staff and other key assistants. I strongly recommend this one – it insures a clear chain of command and provides precise channels of information going up and directives going down.  

2. Circular, when you are surrounded by advisers, all of whom have equal access to the Oval Office. That means chaos (JFK style).  

All your assistants are political assistants and everyone will try to play a policy-maker. But a good thing is that all of them were not elected and are responsible to you only.  

Thus you can:  

– reform your staff freely as there’s not even a word about it in the US Constitution  

– interchange key figures if domestic crisis is approaching  

– if you don’t agree with the staff on important issues, go to polls for back-up. (The best employee is the one you can blackmail. Besides, a very good “pusher” for your people is their deep understanding that they have to work together to help the President stay in office next term because if the President leaves, everybody leaves)  

– use “the carrot and the stick” tactics  

– use “pulling by pushing” – give an important job without publicity to those who become too popular  

– do as little reading as you can – you have staff for that  

– do as little writing as you can – same reason  

– involve yourself personally in your staff and Cabinet jobs as little as you can – same reason  

– make no minor decisions – same reason  

– send back any intelligence or other report if it’s more than one sheet of paper  

The Pocket Cabinet  

If the bureaucrats are wearing you down, you have the right to fire any Secretary. However, Cabinet members must be approved by Senate, therefore, you have to negotiate with the Senate leaders and party leaders throughout the country. As a result, some positions may go to people you don’t know well and can’t trust. Then if you want to re-organize the Cabinet you have to confront the Congress, because Congress tries to protect the interests of its constituents, who are often the clients of the existing bureaucratic agencies. So, if you plan changes you have to appoint people who share your strategy.  

You may also need to offer a position to a group that you need to support in the coming election, or whose help you need; or to help pass legislation (these people will be more loyal to their political benefactors than to you).  

Secretaries have disadvantages compared to the staffers as they don’t have easy access to the Oval Office (again, that depends on you). Some of them had little or no contact with you before being appointed. Actually, their task is to win the backing of key interest groups and that’s why you, practically speaking, don’t need Cabinet meetings (if there’s no crisis). If a Cabinet member feels independent (usually, that’s the Secretary of State), don’t fire him/her – substitute him/her by the national security adviser or send him abroad on a regular basis.  

The Cabinet members work hard during a crisis only. They prefer to save their plans and suggestions for private conversations with you, because that is what you need them for and they are competing with other Secretaries for your time, support and for funds.  

It’s not easy for the President to make government agencies work effectively : first, you have no time, second – they have no competition. Anyway, you must have insiders in all departments, especially in the Justice Department (FBI), CIA and Secret Service firing anybody who’s trying to dig up dirt on you.  

Secretary of Defense.  

The Secretary of Defense is a very special and unique position for many reasons. This department is regarded a non-political one, defending the United States no matter what (never let him decide, though, what and where US interests are). Military leaders have a lot of friends in Congress who press the administration to accept military demands. Besides, it’s not easy to manage the Pentagon, as you depend on the military for evaluations of the national military capacities; they decide also what kinds of weapons to buy and build. Half of the federal budget goes to Pentagon, making it a major department and that’s the most frustrating aspect of your management.  

You have to find compromise between you, Congress, public opinion, interest groups and defense contractors’ lobbyists.  

The defense budget affects diplomacy and international relations, because governments worldwide scrutinize it for clues about US global intentions. For example, increases in defense spending, particularly for items such as naval vessels and aircraft, may signal your intention to pursue more aggressive foreign policies, and cuts in defense spending may indicate an effort to scale back on defense commitments.  

Hidden Structure  

The Cabinet is divided into the inner circle (State, Defense, Treasury, Justice) and outer, less important one (Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing, Transportation, Energy, Education, Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security). While inner Cabinet members are selected more on the basis of personal friendship and loyalty, outer Cabinet members are selected more on the basis of geographical, ethnic or political representation and adopt an advocacy position for their Departments.  

The inner Cabinet is divided into two groups:  

а) national security group (State and Defense Departments).  

b) legal-economic group (Justice and Treasury Departments). The Attorney General usually serves as the president’s attorney and this special responsibility leads to close personal contact with the President. The Secretary of Treasury is very important in domestic monetary and fiscal policies and international trade and currency.  

The outer Cabinet is a “domestic” group. Don’t waste your time meeting them – you have enough staffers for that. Sometimes “outer” Secretaries try to build their political base of support within their own bureaucracies. Don’t hesitate to fire and replace any of them if they start to criticize you and behave politically independent, counting on bureaucratic and interest groups’ support.  

There’s one (negative for you) thing in common between all Secretaries – self-interest pushes them to protect and expand their departments and then they act more like representatives of their departments to the President then the presidential envoys they were appointed to be (“divided loyalty”).  

ATTENTION : Secretaries of State and Defense usually form a coalition against your National Security Adviser. You must be a smart mediator as Commander-in-Chief. These two have weekly meetings, and each of them has a weekly meeting with the DNI (Director of National Intelligence), so you must know from independent sources what they are talking about in case they “forget” to tell you the details. The Defense Secretary meets weekly with the Joint Chiefs, too.  

Mind Control  

Every day in 2004 we watched the Homeland Security Department "terror alert colors" and very often the threat was "high" or "very high. " With all my 30 years espionage experience I couldn’t understand why they were telling the nation about the threat and producing the multicolor picture on TV. Why? What can ordinary Americans do about that? What happened next made the situation absolutely clear for me and posed one more question for the nation: right after President Bush was re-elected the colors disappeared – why? Again, what happened? Is there no more "terror threat" to America? There is. But there’s mind control, too.  

Mind control, which I call mind manipulation or MM, is used to program the "right political behavior" of the nation or "indifferent behavior" (if necessary) without people’s knowing or understanding the procedure.  

We are talking here about total illegal social control.  

Principles of Mind Manipulation  

1) It’s not enough if every single citizen, and the nation as a whole, thinks and behaves your way – it’s much better if they want to behave your way and feel comfortable, and are absolutely sure it’s their own choice and, finally, they become your active supporters.  

2) If you want to control the nation and program peoples’ thoughts, you have to control knowledge (information, culture and communication).  

3) The political imagination (belief) of the nation has to move in the right direction and has to be accepted as the most comfortable and most acceptable way of political activity: nobody is thinking, nobody is criticizing the President, nobody is making comparisons and drawing conclusions. Everybody believes the American President and hates his enemies.  

4) Don’t waste time fighting foreign ideology, take care of ordinary Americans.  

5) There is no difference between commercial and political advertising, and MM.  

American Propaganda Technology  

You need 24/7 effective propaganda to get non-stop public support of your policy — your war for public support does not stop the day you enter the White House — it may stop the day you leave the White House. If your polls go below 40%, the United States effectively has no President.  

Use propaganda tricks:  

– general (abstract) information on big problem  

– information dosage (the less people know — the easier you convince them)  

– misinformation (full or partial) presented as news, sensations, rumors  

– disorientation – one bit of information contradicts another one  

– provocation – information "pushes" people (before you start war)  

– information over-dosage – too much information (and people lose interest)  

– exaggeration of enemy’s negative sides and promotion of scary data  

– distraction of nation’s attention from news that is bad (for you) by publishing sensations and (political) scandals  

– stereotype manipulation ("nuclear threat, " "international terror, " etc.  

– "shuffle" – all news and facts match President’s political course  

– "cocktail" – mix of true and false information  

–"facts transportation" from abroad (you buy a foreign reporter and he’s publishing positive information on your politics; then you spread the information through American media)  

Remember the principles of mass psychology: people don’t believe the government – they believe the market and the stock exchange; people need statements, not analysis.  

MM Technology  

1) Create a steadfast American collective will-power: “We want to live forever in the America we live in now” – through the media.  

2) Don’t ask people to change their views and beliefs – they have only to change the object of their aggression – “Now we understand who are America's enemies! (the previous President, Republicans).  

3) Get people accustomed to accept facts but believe only in the “right” comments – any common sense has to be “switched off. ” This way you create “mass artificial schizophrenia” — people lose the ability to connect statements and facts (notions) and just believe.  

Besides, by extreme exaggeration of the enemy’s negative qualities you can install the national schizophrenic fear (of "international terrorism") and people have to accept you, the US President, as a savior. Plus, no matter what, repeat your major statements until people start accepting them without thinking.  

4) Divide the nation into “good Americans”(patriots) and “bad Americans”(the “minority).  

Make it clear : it’s much better and more comfortable to be “good” than “bad. ” “We aren’t watching good Americans who support the President. The surveillance is for bad Americans and we make their lives and careers uncomfortable. We have to do that because enemies of America may be using them. ” This method is called artificial social selection and its ultimate goal is a total regulation and standardization of the nation.  

5) For successful MM, use the combined efforts of popular Democratic American writers, TV and radio anchors, talented publicists and columnists, business and show business celebrities, politicians. Thus, step by step you create the “industry of correct political behavior and correct American thinking. ”  

6) Use a combination: statement + image. It reduces the effort needed to understand your message and makes people comfortable with you.  

7) Shift all popular TV shows to prime time – Americans don’t have to think about politics after they come home.  

Psycho-epidemic  

During his first presidential campaign Obama used my strategy of psycho-epidemic.  

It's simple – you hypnotize people by permanent repetition of a certain word, like "Change! ", a phrase, a slogan. A crowd, and even a nation,, often behaves like a dog, it's very submissive if there's a strong personality, a strong leader in front of it. Then, the reflex appears – once you see a strong leader, you must listen to him and follow his orders.  

Strategic planning  

That’s the biggest problem for all administrations.  

Strategic planning is the process of making present decisions based on well-calculated future consequences. The basic strategic objective is a decision as to where to concentrate the government efforts this is the essence of strategic planning. The worst example of strategic planning is the war in Iraq.  

It is crucial to choose a professional crew and place people in positions where their brains will work effectively and produce quality.  

Planning formula:  

– design strategy  

– amplify and clarify strategy into policy  

– organize a team  

– guide execution  

– make final strategic decision  

A. Regular Planning Model:  

subject, concept, idea definition of objectives  

design of innovative options and debate  

exploration of concepts, claims and possibilities  

development of program outlines  

establishment of expected performance criteria and indications  

information gathering  

integration of ideological elements  

assignment of executive responsibility  

scheduling  

analysis and experiment  

experiment evaluation, examination of likely consequences  

comparison of expected and actual performance levels  

determination of costs  

prognosis  

strategic decision  

B. Express planning: information interpretation, projects design, choice of a project, decision  

C. Regular (math) model:  

Negotiations planning (example): pressure, compromise, tricks, break.  

Let’s evaluate "pressure": negative international reaction /-1/, breakdown /-1/, positive effect /+1/. Score: -2+1=-1 Conclusion: no pressure should be used.  

D. Expertise model.  

Government crisis (example): poor planning- wrong decisions- wrong actions- wrong execution- opposition activation- mass protests- coup  

E. Scale model.  

Risk factors: Risk levels:  

Intenationalsanctions : medium  

High inflation rise : medium to high  

High unemployment : medium to high  

Low public support level(low polls) : medium  

Presidential decision making  

1. Decision making is a multiple choice process.  

2. Any decision involves political risk.  

3. If you can’t make a decision, you need more information.  

4. Be optimistic, but remain realistic.  

5. Give yourself a deadline.  

6. No brainstorming chaos.  

7. There are two kinds of decisions: irreversible and reversible. Better know which kind you are facing.  

Here’s the process:  

a) Identify the problem  

b) Analyze the problem — what are the facts?  

c) Evaluate options – what are the pros and cons? what can go wrong?  

d) Identify choices – which alternative is the best?  

e) Implement plans – what action needs to be taken?  

As the world #1 leader you have to know that this world is being ruled not by you but by 11 financial corporations : Barclays, Goldman Sachs, Capital Group Companies, FMR Corp, AXA, State Street Corp, JP Morgan Chase, Legal & General Group, Vanguard Group, UBS AG, Merrill Lynch & Co Inc.  

Bonus  

Psychological Modeling of a President (Strategic Intelligence Method)  

Intelligence services worldwide watch political leaders during public appearances, trying to calculate their physical and mental health judging by their look and behavior. In the US they also evaluate the executives and staffers who surround the President at official meetings to calculate what’s going on in the White House.  

They look at:  

– a very detailed biography  

– personal needs, interests, philosophy  

– political views  

– intelligence, will-power, character, abilities  

– behavior in crisis situations  

– compromising facts and possible methods of influence  

– personal, political and big business VIP connections  

– financial situation  

– administration and team  

– political opposition and President  

– Congress  

Domestic headache  

You can’t separate domestic and foreign policies because they are married to the same ugly guy – the budget deficit.  

Domestic policy rests on three legs: education, health and environment. Americans will never support reduced funding for education, Social Security and Medicare (Medicaid) cuts and weakened environmental-protection laws. But I strongly advise you – don’t bother trying to emulate Europe and the British Commonwealth by providing health care for all – the privately insured middle class (your voting majority) won’t stand for it. If you don’t believe me, go to the polls.  

Now, are you a challenger in politics? If "yes, " strengthen your political positions in Washington, DC first, then start some reforms. Before you start a reform you have to win the information war with your opponents and get public support. A reform is always a venture; the process may start taking on momentum and you won’t be able to stop it. You had better continue old reforms using a new tactic because new reforms bring new problems, new enemies and new mistakes, and big economic mistakes bring you an economic crises.  

Dealing with big business  

1. Big organized money moves big political machines, big political machines move big lobbies, big lobbies move the President.  

2. The President is an investment.  

3. A group that rules the economy rules the White House.  

4. A new political course comes not with a new President, but a change of big business’ global financial interests.  

5. Follow 3 "golden rules":  

– protect big investments  

– help to promote  

– don’t interfere  

6. If the government doesn’t meet the needs of big business, it forms a new one of its own (something like a President’s Council). This usually happens when the President can’t provide financial stability and super-profits. Besides, big business has much more important foreign connections than the government.  

7. Big business is:  

a) money  

b) political and economic control  

8. Any political action gets an economic (big business) reaction.  

In terms of partisan politics, Republicans are considered to be more sympathetic to big business interests while traditionally Democrats get electoral and financial support from organized labor. Forget about antitrust policy business has become more global and efforts to enforce antitrust policies have proven deficient and are threats to national security.  

Managing the economy  

1. Regulate spending, taxation, monetary policy and foreign trade whic has to be under strict political control – you have the right to propose legislation and veto any legislation you think incorrect. Keep in mind that Americans always insist on reducing government spending on foreign aid and space exploration, and they naturally hate any rise in taxes.  

2. State and local governments, both through national associations like the US Conference of Mayors and Congress Members, always press the government to get more federal funds even at the expense of inflationary budget deficits.  

3. Keep unemployment low and prices stable – these two factors are politically dangerous and failure here can bring a free-fall in approval ratings.  

4. Take credit for economic growth, price stability and low unemployment even if you have nothing to do with it.  

Still have problems? Try international initiatives.  

There are four inevitable factors that will limit your control over the economy:  

1) You must share power with Congress — you can’t levy taxes or appropriate money all by yourself;  

2) The theoretical nature of the science of economics — no single economic theory has ever explained the behavior of the economy in the future;  

3) The imprecision of economic information. Economic statistics and indicators do not measure the immediate conditions of the economy, but rather the conditions that prevailed between one and three months ago, depending on the particular economic statistics. Consequently, if you take action on the basis of incoming economic information you may be reacting to a problem that no longer exists or that is much worse than believed.  

4) There are forces outside the reach of the federal government, like international factors (oil prices and foreign trade policies), state and local governments economic decisions and mistakes, big business decisions that affect employment, inflation, the trade deficit and public opinion — which is always against cutting social programs.  

Budget deficit  

A large budget deficit is a headache and has extremely negative effects on the economy:  

1. It limits the government’s flexibility to fight a possible recession; that requires tax cuts and deficit spending, which would exacerbate the debt problem. Since tax revenues fall during a recession and unemployment insurance and welfare payments rise, the budget would be under further strain precisely when deficit spending would be needed to pull the economy up.  

2. It reduces the amount of funds available for achieving the nation’s social and defense goals, because interest must be paid on the national debt.  

3. It can threaten the economy by "crowding out" corporate and private borrowers from the credit market. Because the government must borrow heavily to finance its deficit, it competes with business and individuals to borrow funds. The increased competition forces interest rates higher, causing loans (including mortgages) to become more expensive. As a result, business can afford to purchase less plant and equipment to expand and modernize their operations and fewer consumers can afford to finance purchases of expensive items, such as houses and cars. The resulting reduction in demand threatens economic growth.  

4. The US budget deficit has become so large that domestic savings no longer can provide enough capital to service the debt. Consequently, the government must borrow from foreign sources to make up the difference. This makes us dependent on foreign investors and raises the possibility of a "stabilization crisis, " which can occur if foreign investors lose confidence in the dollar and liquidate their US investments. Such a crisis could cause the dollar to plummet and interest and inflation to rapidly accelerate.  

Crisis  

Crisis means that your government as a system is exhausted and it’s unable to rule the nation and resources effectively in an extreme situation, including economic, natural catastrophes and war. A crisis has three stages – before the crisis, when the first signs appear; crisis development until culmination; catastrophe followed by impeachment. A crisis could be "programmed" at the very beginning of your term (mistakes in political and economic courses, inexperienced personnel, faulty planning) or it can appear later (too many mistakes, change of political environment, shifts in the economic or international situation). Crisis management includes pre-crisis management and handling of the situation. You must be ready not only for a government crisis but also for sudden military attack, mass riots and natural disasters.  

International trade is an important component of national security. Our "friends" (NATO members, Saudi Arabia and Japan) favor a dollar (that is neither overvalued nor undervalued) and a healthy US economy with relatively full employment and low inflation rate. If the dollar is weak, the value of much of their international currency reserves declines and their goods are less competitive in the US market. If the dollar is too strong, their investment capital migrates to the US and the high competitiveness of their products in the US market threatens to provoke calls for trade restrictions. If unemployment in the US rises, the major market for their goods declines. If interest rates are higher in the US than in Europe or Japan, investment capital moves to our country. Consequently, foreign governments press the United States to keep the exchange value of the dollar from fluctuating widely and to hold interest rates steady.  

Chapter 3. Congress management  

It’s much more simple that you think.  

1. A Congressional session is a waste of federal time and money – you don’t need debates because Congressional staffers can do all the technical work and they can negotiate between themselves and balance positions. Senators and Congressmen don’t even have to come to Washington – they can vote from their local offices. So these people can spend their time helping thousands of constituents.  

2. The President is dependent on Congressional cooperation to carry out the executive responsibilities of the Office because Congress has to authorize government programs, establish administrative agencies to implement the problems and funds to finance them.  

ATTENTION : Executive Order might lower this dependence a little bit.  

3. It’s important if President belongs to the party with a majority in the House and Senate. But if your party loses the majority in Congress, you have to work out new political strategy yourself.  

4. President’s prestige (popular support or political capital) affects Congressional response to his politics.  

5. Influence in Congress is courted only for long periods of service; a Senator with 30 years in office (like late Edward Kennedy) has considerably more power than a Senator in his first or second term. This causes the electorate to increasingly favor incumbents, as dislodging one’s Congressman or Senator after 30 years, even if the candidate or his party have become unpopular, can be viewed as hurting one’s district financially. It is often thought that a freshman would be less able to bring home federal money for his state or district.  

6. For most Senators, the Senate is a platform for Presidential election campaign. Senators who openly express presidential ambitions are better able to gain media exposure and to establish careers as spokespersons for large national constituencies.  

7. The first act of a newly elected Representative is to maneuver for election to the Senate. Why? First, they enjoy their position, power and money for six years non-stop. Second, there are only a hundred Senators and the publicity is much, much greater. But Representatives have a much better chance to be reelected.  

8. Congress rejects two thirds of President’s proposals.  

9. Senators are always looking for a BBD (bigger, better deal) and often shift from one committee to another (a good choice is those dealing with taxes, budget, energy, commerce).  

10. Bills to benefit big business move smoothly. (Congress doesn’t like the poor — they don’t contribute, sorry). To gain majority support for big business legislation members have a special trick – log rolling, when factions combine efforts.  

11. Senators don’t depend on the people – they depend on the media.  

12. If a Senator is blocking the President’s proposal, he wants to get the President’s attention.  

13. When Senators want to bury issues, they create committees.  

14. The Senate is a small structure and personal relations between Senators are extremely important.  

15. Senators have no incentive to study the details of most pieces of legislation and their decision is simplified by quickly checking how key colleagues have voted or intend to vote.  

16. To have power a Senator has to object: much of the Senate work is done by unanimous consent and if you object you’ll be approached for sure by some influential people including other Senators, Secretaries, President’s aides or the President himself. They’ll try to press, blackmail or buy you – and that means you’ve got a piece of the power pie.  

17. Senators avoid responsibility in economic policy.  

18. Congress loves the military because military contracts are very lucrative for Congressional districts.  

19. Senior Senators teach “newcomers” to vote against any reform which is a threat to their stability.  

20. A Senator has real influence on legislation only if he has professional staff in charge of the projects.  

21. Senators are afraid to vote against a defense budget increase because then they may be accused of a lack of patriotism.  

22. Republicans and Democrats are not really enemies, here, though both sides are always looking for a “traitor” or “insider” in the other camp.  

23. The President must have “insiders” in the Senate, because the other party could prepare secretly and then launch officially some investigation against you or the members of your Administration.  

24. A legislator does exactly what his voters want him to do – stealing federal money from other states and districts, because for him the most important thing is numbers — polls in his state showing how many people approve his activity. His donors watch these numbers too and estimate their investment and the necessity to support re-election.  

25. Every member of Congress has a so-called “split personality” – a “Hill style” while working on Capitol Hill and a “home style” while back in the state or district with the voters.  

26. A Senator makes a decision only after thinking about what it means in terms of the re-election money that will come to him or to his opponents. His voting decisions depend on his party membership, constituency pressures, state and regional loyalty ideology, interest groups’ influence. His stubbornness comes from the fact that he does not want to be seen by his constituents as a “rubber stamp” for President’s decisions, especially when the bill in question benefits a Senator’s state. (And the hidden problem is – you want to move fast, especially during the first year while your personal popularity is high – but for the Congress speed is not important).  

27. Sooner or later every member of Congress starts playing the “pork barrel” game. It’s nothing else but a diversion of federal funds to projects and places not out of national need but to enhance a member’s chances of re-election in his district (military projects, federal buildings, highways construction projects). So be ready for a “Christmas gift” when these fellows add pork barrel amendments to appropriations bills you are about to sign. They often wait until late in each session to pass critical spending bills, which narrows your range of possible responses because a veto may not be feasible if Congress has adjourned and the funds needed to run the federal government are contained in the legislation.  

28. In Congress a small percentage of bills (about 500 out of 10, 000) actually become law because many bills are introduced merely to get favorable press. The strategy is especially effective if the legislation is “tied” to the headlines of the day (mass murders, natural disasters, ethnic riots etc. ).  

29. In the Senate it’s easier for a minority to block the bill than for a majority to pass it: a 60-vote majority is needed to force a final vote on the bill, while only 41 votes are needed to continue debate and delay a vote.  

30. The minority can hold the majority responsible as the party in power for whatever legislation does or does not emerge from the Senate. But both parties prefer to be the party in power in the Senate – all Senate legislation begins in the committees, whose membership and chairmanship are controlled by the party in power. Besides, each chairman has power in terms of controlling the committee budgets and deciding which hearings will be held and which legislation he will allow to be released to the Senate floor for a vote. He can also “lock up the bill” in committee until it dies. Perfect!  

How to Control the Congress  

The President can propose legislation, but Congress is not required to pass any of the administration’s bills. But you know already that Senators and Representatives need re-election more than anything else. So you can go with indirect influence through appeals to the public; this is a confrontation and direct challenge to Congressional authority. You can also enlist the support of interest groups or direct influence through favors and personal involvement in the legislative process. (Get public support for a proposal before it’s discussed with the Congress. )  

And don’t hesitate to start a national debate — you have enough media attention for that.  

You also have an independent tool, presidential power in the form of an executive order. You can give favors directly to members of Congress or to influential people in their constituency, or the favor may be of benefit to the constituency itself:  

– appointments with the President and other high-ranking officials  

– federal grants to recipients in the constituency, government contracts with local companies, the deposit of federal funds in banks, grants to local government and educational institutions  

– support of projects (military installations, research and administrative facilities, public works such as buildings, dams and navigational improvements to rivers and harbors, etc. )  

– recommendations for the US district court judges, attorneys, marshals, etc.  

– campaign assistance (cash contributions from the party’s national committee invitations to bill-signing ceremonies, White House parties or to accompany President on trips  

– bargaining and arm-twisting (pressure and threats to lose the projects).  

Tools  

1. The Congressional Relations Office. Used for:  

– intense lobbying to form Congressional coalitions if the opposition controls one or both houses  

– intelligence gathering (of policy preferences — centralized headcounts reveal the voting intentions on a particular bill and constituency concerns of individual members)  

– representation  

– creating “inner coalitions”  

– coordination of executive branch legislative activity (monitoring and tracking bills, controlling departments’ staff appointments, collaborating with departments’ liaison offices)  

Attention! Senators and Congressmen have to trust your people, who must keep their mouths shut, otherwise there will be no business. Anyway, watch these people — a Senator can call one of your assistants and if they hear “no, ” he will try to reach somebody else until he gets “Yes, the President will see you. ” Don’t let this happen – if it’s “no, ” it has to be everybody’s “no. ” There has to be no difference between personal views of your adviser and your official views.  

2. Congressional Relations personnel of various executive Departments are a conduit. Talk to the Secretaries and explain to them that they have to give the Director of Congressional Relations their best people.  

3. The White House interest groups liaison staff (office of public liaison)  

4. Veto. Threatened with a veto, Senators often seek compromise.  

Congress has its ways to undermine your vetoes or threats of vetoes. Because you can’t veto parts of a bill, they load up major legislation with amendments on a completely different subject (“riders”) that they know the President must accept. (Presidents who vetoed the most bills: Franklin Roosevelt – 635, Harry Truman – 250, Dwight Eisenhower – 181, Ronald Reagan – 78, Gerald Ford – 66).  

5. Executive agreement. It permits the President to enter into open or secret agreements with a foreign government without any advice or consent of the Senate. There are two categories of executive agreements:  

а) presidential agreements made solely on the basis of the constitutional authority of the President and under his sole power to faithfully execute the laws (or under his diplomatic or Commander-in-Chief powers). President needs to report secret agreement to the Foreign Relations Committees of the two houses no later than 60 days after such agreement has entered into force. Congress has no authority to disapprove it.  

b) congressional-executive agreements, which cover all international agreements entered into under the combined authority of the President and Congress.  

Finally, this is what you can do with a bill:  

– sign the bill (the bill becomes a law)  

– do nothing (the bill becomes a law in ten days)  

– veto the bill (the bill does not become a law)  

– pocket veto the bill (hold the bill until Congress is no longer in session, and the bill does not become a law)  

Chapter 4. Foreign policy  

“Golden rules”  

1. International treaties have to be negotiated by diplomats prior to endorsement by presidents.  

2. The information gathered by spies plays an increasingly role in diplomacy (arms-control treaties would be impossible without the power of reconnaissance satellites and agents to monitor compliance).  

3. If you start war, it does not mean you failed diplomacy, it means military decision is much more profitable.  

4. Make it clear to foreign leaders right away whether you are or you are not going to follow the previous President’s foreign policy (after consultations with big business). If you are not going to follow it, design a doctrine of your own (it’s a strategy that is the recognized approach or policy of the US government.  

5. National security is your top priority and is the “king’s job” because actually you have no domestic political obstacles to your foreign policy (if it’s a question of war), so you are a chief decision maker there. (The CIA Director has to be excluded from from this process — you don’t need him. Besides, the CIA even today, no matter how hard I tried to educate the Agency, remains the worst of the worst and is not to be reformed — it has to be abolished. We have to transfer political intelligence functions to Pentagon. National security is designed to protect the United States and the vital interests (investments) of big business and to promote American values in a world of rivals, and the CIA, through all 60 years of its history, has proved to be absolutely unsuitable for the job).  

6. Any country has to be involved in the sphere of our strategic interests if it has a strategic geographic position, significant sources of raw materials, a well-developed transportation system, or could be used as a military base. The strategic policy of any country rotates around the USA and if not — that means a certain President is waiting for greater incentives to come on board. Against target countries, don’t hesitate to use the strategies of pre-emptive war, post-war (post-crisis) reconstruction, and nation building (which means erasing national identity and supplanting it by liberal values).  

With China’s growth, the Cold War is back with a vengeance, so we are back to secret deals based on spheres of influence — but that’s a temporary strategy.  

7. You can’t always do what you want without help – you are dependent on other world leaders, Congressional positions and international public opinion. Ask the Senate to help you sometimes – believe me, they’ll be happy and proud to do so.  

8. Create super-profitable conditions for big business by political penetration worldwide. Big money men start investing abroad when they find a safe environment — law and order. The more they invest the more political power they get (international corporations is the most important element of international system ; the other two are governments and non-governmental organizations).  

9. Use big investors to ruin other national economies and governments by withdrawing finances when the economic situation is worsening. As soon as the country opens its financial markets, it increases its dependence on global economic processes that it cannot control; and a financial crisis can easily be staged. Conversely, other countries’ access to the US markets is a powerful economic and political tool.  

10. Use my “controlled chaos strategy”. My idea to make the US economic and financial markets the most attractive for investors by provoking unstable situations in other countries and regions.  

11. Send troops or work through military intelligence (not the CIA) to wherever you perceive a threat to the US investments.  

12. Use pressure everywhere – strategic nuclear missiles are still the most powerful blackmail tool. Remember, if you are dealing with Russia or China, they will look not only for agreement, but for advantages.  

13. Use “personal diplomacy” – phone calls to foreign leaders (every planned phone call has to go through the National Security Adviser and be well prepared, like a serious negotiation). Most important are phone calls to our allies — NATO members. Don’t forget to wish happy birthday to the leaders in person!  

14. Use “informal diplomacy” – recruit politicians in other nations who might be able to give informal access to a country’s leadership. In some situations, such as between USA and China diplomacy is done through semi-formal channels using interlocutors such as academic members or think tanks. This occurs in situations when presidents wish to express intentions or to suggest methods of resolving a diplomatic situation, but do not wish to express a formal position.  

15. Don’t hesitate to use summits as a tool, because:  

–if you meet a foreign leader in person, you can reduce tensions and clarify national interests.  

–personal relationship may lead to improved relations between nations.  

–summits allow you to focus national attention on specific issues.  

–presidents engaging in personal diplomacy are much more capable than career diplomatic bureaucrats of understanding the domestic policy consequences of diplomatic actions.  

–summit negotiations can yield quick results, since discussions are between leaders with the power of decision rather than between representatives who must receive instructions, make reports and rely new proposals.  

–diplomatic impasses may be overcome at summits by shifts in policy that only top leaders are empowered to make.  

–if presidents desire an international forum for their diplomatic policies, a summit meeting can provide one.  

–successful summits can enhance the image of the President and the United States  

16. If you’re ready to fight for national interests, forget about human rights — you can always blame infractions on the other side.  

17. Isolation is the greatest enemy to information.  

18. There’s no sense in applying sanctions if big business isn’t interested.  

19. Economic and hence, political progress for any country affects the USA through economic competition that threatens the market and jobs.  

20. Any initiative is risky if it’s about unstable region, but you lose popularity fast if you are perceived as indecisive or weak in foreign policy.  

21. Any trip abroad has to convey a strong message.  

22. Direct military intrusion indicates weakness in your foreign policy. If it’s inescapable, involve as many allies as you can.  

23. Don’t touch our military bases abroad!  

24. Big debts open markets. No matter what, open national markets world-wide for American big business and remember – the markets, not Presidents, rule the world.  

25. Tie your allies to international economic projects and make them pay most of the expenses.  

26. Never talk about money in public — talk about democracy, human rights, liberal values and disarmament – people like it.  

27. Move forward – transform Americans’ national and patriotic feelings into nationalistic ones (follow the French model) to get total support of your policy (see “Mind Control”).  

28. Don’t pay too much attention to the CIA – all they have to do is to support you with appropriate information to justify your strategic political decisions – and nothing else.  

29. Ignore the UN – Secretary General has no real power, but you can take advantage of such a thing as the UN peace-keeping if it corresponds with your interests – the US economic costs could be minimized. Besides, UN peacekeeping can promote a spirit of international accountability in solving a certain regional problem. Don’t forget to explain your strategy to the Congress – they don’t like the UN either. On the other hand, you have to manage an international crisis, if it threatens our national interests (start with strategic planning, check national security system for the adequate response, use propaganda to get domestic and international support, consult with big business and allies, start crisis negotiations if possible, use diplomacy (see below) and force or threat of force).  

30. To reach global leadership you must have enough resources, national support and a well-calculated strategy (see also “Strategic planning”). As you already know, the US budget is financed by foreign lending. When the dollar goes down in foreign exchange markets, it’s supported by foreign central banks and you’re OK as long as Japan, Saudi Arabia and Germany have an interest in propping up the American economy and do not raise the price for financing America’s debt. The worst situation would be to lose support both at home and abroad  

Decision making  

– assessment of the international and domestic political environment  

– goal setting. We have multiple foreign policy goals, and we must determine which goal is effected by the international and domestic political environment  

– determination of policy options  

– decision making action  

– implementation of chosen policy option  

World Domination  

Securing the top position requires :  

– economic domination  

– military power – pre-emptive war or blackmail by war (seeking domination requires an inevitable increase in the military budget)  

– a cultural and media invasion  

– special operations to influence or neutralize leaders with negative attitude  

Modern mechanism of world domination  

1. If the country does not accept American rules of the game, we start a "velvet" or "colored revolution.  

2. We replace the government by pro-American regime.  

3. If the government resists, we start the US and NATO military operation and help the anti-government organizations to overthrow the government.  

Strategies used  

1. Destabilization strategy based on terrorism – you kill political leaders and civil population, blow up government buildings and blame the opposition.  

2. Stabilization strategy – first, "terrorists" destabilize the situation in the country and then the US and NATO troops come to "stabilize' it.  

3. "New order" or a "controlled chaos” strategy – American “new world order” to be established through the international chaos, permanent wars, civil wars and revolutions.  

My definition :  

"Controlled chaos” strategy –  

geopolitical re-division of the world by provoking riots, revolutions, civil wars and overthrowing regimes in independent from USA sovereign states to keep the U. S. world hegemony. Political, national, religious and social conflicts in target countries have to be permanent. The strategy is being covered by a "struggle against international terrorism". The operation is preceded by information war against the target regime and backed by NATO forces if necessary.  

Most important targets of the 21st century – Russia and China. That’s the reason we occupy Afghanistan. We have to circle China with our military bases in Central Asia.  

4. Global energy control strategy – the US control of major oil regions and gas fields.  

To keep America on top, we would have to prevent cooperation and coalitions between: China and Africa; Shi’ia and Sunni Muslims; Germany and France; Venezuela and Cuba. Their trade agreements and alliances will change the geopolitical situation.  

In most important world regions keep the balance by supporting the country which follows the leader:  

In Europe – support Britain to balance Germany. You rule Europe if you rule the Persian Gulf. You rule the world if you rule Europe, and that’s why you have to keep NATO by all means to block the military independence of Europe (Germany).  

In East Asia – support Japan, Russia and Taiwan to balance China.  

In South Asia support Pakistan to balance India.  

In Latin America – support Argentina to balance Brazil.  

Diplomacy secrets  

1. Use secret visits (send the National Security Adviser) if the international problem is complex and important – in this way you don’t depend on media and public opinion. Afterwards you can talk, if it was a success.  

2. If presidents like to drink with each other, they are ready to deal with each other.  

3. Avoid negotiating on major issues at the end of the day, when your energy is low.  

4. Negotiate smart, watch your initiatives. The more you tell about your position, the less your partner will tell you about himself, and the higher price you’ll pay. Diplomacy is all about money and the essence of any negotiations is the price range.  

5. Any information should be exchanged as a part of a compromise and not merely given away.  

6. Always talk less than necessary. Concentrate on facts and never tell other person about feelings (or your family and medical problems). Don’t interrupt others, try to understand what they really want and if they try to manipulate you. Also, resist giving in to interruptions until you have completed your thoughts – “Just a moment, I haven’t finished”. Use Taleyran approximation – if it’s difficult for you to speak up, try to make just one diplomatic statement. If they press you, insist on moving this questions to experts. And use indirect language such as “It looks like” or “You see situation from a very special angle”.  

7. No negative emotions, they indicate weak nerves. Never take things personally.  

8. Stop self-limiting behaviors, such as smiling too much, nodding too much, tilting your head or dropping your eyes in response to other person’s gaze. Speak normal conversational volume, don’t scream and don’t whisper, either, as you won’t be taken seriously.  

9. Take a problem-solving approach to conflict, and try to see the other person as your collaborator rather than your opposition. You’d better postpone negotiations than allow them to break down.  

10. Fix all questions, don’t be in a rush to answer any of them.  

11. The slower you talk, the more confident you are.  

12. Never ask straight questions, it’s a primitive approach.  

13. It’s important to know what questions and when to ask.  

Start with an “invitation” question that does not need a definite answer but opens up the discussion, like: “No matter what reporters say, we’ll start negotiating for arms control. ” Proceed with “intelligence gathering” questions, like: “Are you going to abide by our last agreement on the withdrawal of military forces or do we have other options? ” Go to “expertise” questions, like: “It’s 500 missiles, right? ”  

There’s a difference between expertise and straight questions – straight question are like: “Will you sign the treaty? ” and these have to be avoided because you’ll get no straight answer right away. Finish with a closing question, like: “I think that’s what we intend to sign? Next time we can start from here. ” Or you can press your partner: “Let’s not lose this last opportunity, eh? ”  

14. Explain your negative attitude in a smart way: give half the information and continue, depending on your partner’s reaction. If you can’t accept his proposal, tell him that the experts may look into it again and come to agreement. If your partner is not a complete idiot he’ll understand his proposal is unacceptable (because the experts have already done all they could). But if he is an idiot, he’ll agree to “kill” his proposals by passing them to the experts.  

15. You start to lose momentum if you start to defend yourself. Stop (postpone) negotiations the moment you start to lose or you could end up in a total failure and that could be used by opposition back home.  

16. If you bring ideology – try to win. If you bring national interests, try to find compromise. Be flexible – that’s strength, not weakness.  

17. Don’t make aggressive statements for the media, no matter what.  

18. Respect is half a victory, but you usually win when your partner is scared. Avoid open confrontation and respond to personal attacks with humor.  

19. Watch the military experts – they are always ready to “push” you. No arms agreement can win ratification without backing from Joint Chiefs, because Congress needs and trusts their expertise, and their disapproval is a strong tool against you in case you ignore their advice. So, think three times before you appoint Joint Chiefs.  

20. Take negotiations on the trade deficit very seriously – they often take you nowhere and have zero results as your partner wants you to change your attitude to him completely as well as your international economic policy, while you expect the same favor from him. You can influence one partner but you can’t very easily influence the international system.  

21. After you come back home do some positive advertising through the media – in such a way you influence other presidents and future negotiations. If the negotiations resulted in a treaty, “sell” it to the Senate for approval.  

22. Negotiation no-nos:  

– don’t be confused if your partner threatens you – that means he needs your cooperation. Don’t enter into negotiation right away with high demands.  

– don’t touch the toughest issues first. Don’t assume – that’s a sign of weakness.  

– don’t hesitate to pause or take a break.  

– never say “no” to your partner’s ideas – rather, pack them up in one “package” with your proposals.  

Diplomatic tricks  

Tricks in diplomacy are usually used to distract your hard working team, shift the emphasis of the negotiation in order to shape the deal on terms of your adversary or manipulate your team into closing negotiation and accept terms you don’t really like. And the tricks are:  

“Leap” – your adversary is losing and starts “jumping” from one point to another  

“Pile” – your adversary “piles up” problems, tries to provoke a chaotic discussion or stop negotiations  

“Empty chair” – a day or two before negotiations start your adversary informs you that he’s not ready yet, trying to press you (or he wants to change location)  

“Diplomatic illness” – the practice of feigning illness to avoid participation in negotiations and at the same time to avoid giving formal offense.  

“Deaf” – your adversary keeps asking questions instead of answering yours  

“Provocation” – your adversary doubts your team’s professional level and your ability to negotiate. Don’t go crazy.  

“Busy guy” – your adversary breaks negotiation for an hour or two pretending he has to do some very important business (or that he got a very important call).  

“Mirror” – it’s a “programming” trick. The technology is simple: you try to “mirror” your adversary’s style and behavior, adopt a similar posture, use his gestures, and follow the speed of his speech. First, he will like it subconsciously and will be more open to you. Second, you’ll understand better his way of thinking.  

“Sandwich” – pressure (often – military) – negotiations – pressure  

“Show” – using certain arguments your adversary appeals to your emotions  

“Circle” – a very sophisticated trick: your adversary tries to “push” his proposal in different variants and finally comes back to his initial variant, trying to convince you that’s the best choice  

“Carrot and stick” – threat (blackmail) plus promises (money). The guy could blackmail you also by demanding to set a deadline  

“Student” – your adversary talks too much about the details, asking a lot of minor questions, trying to make you nervous and make mistakes  

“Donkey” – your adversary declines the offer to speak first  

“Ball” – encourage your adversary if he’s looking for “global decisions” and he’ll do a lot of minor favors  

“Rubber” – delay, if you can’t predict the result, and press your adversary by delaying the answer  

“Last train” – you can press your adversary by an ultimatum right before negotiations are over, if he really is interested in some result. “Spice” the ultimatum with some important reasons and give your adversary a choice of variants.  

You can also leak opposing demands to the media (be careful with this one. Do not betray diplomatic trust by talking about secret deals or demands that actually have been mentioned). You may also escalate your demands during negotiation and manipulate public opinion to line up behind your demands.  

Negotiations Procedure  

I. Preparation  

1. Write a plan.  

2. Define your objectives.  

3. Identify issues that are open to compromise and those that are not.  

4. Conduct research for information to support your objectives and have information to undermine your partner’s position; think what information is available to your partner (State and Defense Departments will help you with that; not the CIA).  

5. Find out how your partner negotiates with other leaders (he might have a “rabbit in a hat” for you).  

6. Consult with members of a previous negotiating team about his style, strong and weak points.  

7. Check the current balance of power. Attention: if you start multilateral negotiation you have to know what are the conflicts or allegiances between other partners. If they are divided into groups, identify who has the power to make a decision on behalf of a group.  

8. Use game theory if you are intending to cooperate. Game theory is a theoretical analysis of the decision-making process taken by two or more players who are in conflict. You must actually estimate any possible strategies of the players who have to make decisions without knowledge of what other players are planning. Each player’s strategy, once undertaken, will affect the others. Game theory is often illustrated by the “prisoners dilemma” paradigm. It supposes that two men have been arrested on a suspicion of committing a crime together and are being held in separate cells. There is not enough evidence to prosecute unless one confesses and implicates the other. Both of them know this but cannot talk to each other. The dilemma is that the best outcome, not being convicted, is only available if they each trust the other not to implicate him. If X decides to trust Y, but Y fears X may not be trustworthy, Y may confess to get a lesser sentence; X then gets a worse one. The best solution to this dilemma is for both to cooperate, to minimize the worst that can happen, rather than trying for the outcome that is maximum. This is called the minimax strategy and it’s classified as being the most probable outcome.  

II. Conducting negotiations  

Never conduct negotiations before 10 a. m. or after 4 p. m.  

First of all, you have to decide whether you want to speak first or to respond to your partner’s proposal. There’s an advantage in letting your partner make the opening proposal as it might be much more beneficial for you than you suspect.  

Then:  

a) put forward a proposal (with as little emotion as possible). You have to make your initial offer-demand high and compromise from that point onward. Your partner will understand perfectly well it’s too much, so make your initial demand greater than you expect to receive, and offer less than you are expected to give. (For the same reason feel free to reject the first proposal received. ) While talking further, leave yourself room for maneuvering, presenting your proposals, and don’t try to pin down your partner to a fixed position too soon, because he needs room to maneuver, too. Make a final offer when the atmosphere is most cooperative.  

b) respond to proposals in a smart way (again, no emotions). Never take the first offer – if you take it, your adversary may feel there is something wrong with it or he didn’t get the best deal. Capture any similarities on both sides. Don’t hesitate to make conditional counter-offers: “If you do this, we’ll do that. ” Cut the unexpected introduction of new issues and follow strictly a concise step-by-step agenda. Probe your partner’s attitudes: “What would you say if we both lower our demands? ” but indicate that every concession you make is a major loss to you. Ask as many questions as you want – the more information you have, the more you control negotiation. To think over and re-design your strategy, ask for a break as many times as it’s acceptable. Summarize your partner’s proposals.  

c) move towards a bargain. You must know perfectly well the response to each of your points before you open your mouth. If your aides can’t help you, you have the wrong aides and you even might be a wrong president. Offer the lowest price first, as you may not need to go any further. Negotiate a “package, ” don’t concentrate on one demand and link other, smaller demands to it. While making a final offer look at the other party and check the body language (see below), your team members must confirm by body language that this is your final offer. It’s OK to press the partner by emphasizing the need to reach agreement, like: “We know our nations are waiting to see the treaty signed. ” (If your partner looks at his watch, it means he wants to end the talk. ) If you see you are approaching a dead end, ask your partner to talk off the record, in private, but if you talk in private, you have to keep your word no matter what.  

Sometimes negotiations (as in the Israel-Palestine case) run into serious problems and breakdowns. Strong diplomats never say “never” and never leave forever, and always are ready to come back and agree right away on new dates to continue talks, as though a breakdown is just one more pressure trick. The best thing to do is to re-establish communications as soon as possible and you have to do this through your team member who has good connections and influence with other party. Act fast, especially if the consequences of “no deal” would be worse than the last deal that was on the table. If the situation is not improving, you have nothing else but to use a mediator. I do not recommend you to take responsibility as mediator or to use a mediator for your diplomatic needs. International experience shows that these old and “experienced” people usually make the situation worse, like bringing in a lawyer — even if the situation looks better for the next couple of years. But if you have no choice and your partner, and your aides insist on using a mediator to resolve the situation you have to think it over … and agree.  

Mediation is the process in which deadlocked parties consider the suggestions of a third party, agreed upon in advance, but are not bound to accept the mediator’s recommendations. The mediator works as a referee between the negotiating parties and tries to find common ground among their agendas. Once some common ground is established, the mediator can begin to look for mutually acceptable ways out of the deadlock. A mediator between presidents has to be a president himself, very influential, and well informed on the situation to be able to make effective recommendations.  

He has to:  

a) consider the situation from all angles  

b) help both parties to understand each other better  

c) help the parties to create new approaches  

d) suggest a solution, give alternatives  

But if the two sides’ demands are too far apart, no outside party can bring them together at all. ( Often a mediator has to make multiple trips between two parties, who do not talk directly, and it’s called shuttle diplomacy. Usually, two parties do not formally recognize each other, but still want to negotiate. The term became widespread following Henry Kissinger’s term as National Security Adviser and then, as the United States Secretary of State (in 1973-1977), when he participated in shuttle diplomacy in the Middle East and China).  

III. Closing negotiation  

That’s the most important part, a final mutual agreement or disagreement, a test for your foreign policy making strategy and tactics and personally for you, your power and your image. Any treaty you sign with foreign leaders, if it meets American interests, is not your personal success, but that of the nation. There are three options:  

a) the agreement with all conditions is acceptable to both parties  

b) the agreement is acceptable to one party only  

c) the agreement is unacceptable for both parties  

Diplomatic Double Talk  

Statement Meaning  

We are disappointed. We got nothing.  

Situation disturbs us. It’s unacceptable.  

There are still differences between There are huge differences.  

our approaches.  

We can’t accept this deal. This means trouble.  

We reserve the right to use any means  

to prevent further worsening of the situation. This means war.  

Discussion helped us to understand each  

other better. We’ve wasted our time.  

We don’t understand your attitude. Stop it immediately.  

I’m trying to understand your position. Understand me too, idiot!  

If I’ve understood you correctly, you don’t agree. Do you have any other option?  

We’ll pay a very high price if we don’t  

reach agreement. Yes, that’s a threat!  

Chapter 5. Espionage management  

Spy Code  

1. No mercy, no ideology, no emotions.  

2. Intuition is nothing but the ability to watch and analyze.  

3. No evidence is evidence in itself.  

4. Distrust is a mother of security.  

5. Never look as if you are sizing up the person – that’s a sign that gives away cops and spies.  

6. Don’t start first if you don’t know the rules.  

7. The way you act is the way you think – behavior is a system of codes (information) which could be calculated by the enemy. Watch your face – that’s a shop window.  

8. Think fast, talk slow.  

9. Avoid self-programming and never think bad about yourself.  

10. Don’t smoke, drink or take drugs if it’s not necessary; spare your stomach from very hot or cold food or drinks; avoid too much noise and light.  

11. Don’t be shy to lie – the more you lie the more people respect you.  

12. Let people talk out and “empty their brains” – then load your information.  

13. People never change – everybody wants to get pleasure and avoid pain.  

14. “He knew too much” means “He talked too much. ”  

15. Never ask extra questions – wait. Wait and the object will get used to you and open himself – nobody can stay tense for long.  

16. Lonely people live longer in espionage business.  

17. “No exit” situation is the one you don’t like or don’t understand.  

18. Avoid:  

– personal enemies (they fix negative information on you)  

– silent types (they notice and think too much)  

– other professionals (they’ll blow your identity)  

– extra stress (it damages your heart and blood vessels and that kills your brain and your ability to think )  

– talking too much  

19. The best weapon against your enemy is his enemy.  

20. “I want nothing” means “I want everything”.  

21. Small lie gives birth to big distrust.  

How to run assets  

You can get tons of information through technical devices but no device can influence decisions made by leaders of other countries. That’s why for thousands of years to come, a reliable agent will be the top tool of any special service, and their actual names have to be kept secret forever, please. A VIP agent (a top government employee) is a very rare thing and depends hugely on luck, because he can make or influence big political decisions. If he has access to the Oval Office, he can change the President’s plans and strategy, and can sabotage political, economic or military actions. When major presidential initiatives fail, time after time, one might wonder who is sabotaging whom.  

The most important thing a secret source can get is a reliable information on any possible attempt on the US President’s life, or concerning a decision of a foreign government to start a war against the United States. A professional agent is actually is both an instrument (to get information) and a weapon (to influence or neutralize people).  

Categories:  

A. "Garbage" (60%), the "no trust " category.  

Recruitment is #1 priority for the officer and a part of his working plan and very often he has to recruit people who are not born agents. You can work with a nice guy, teach him, pay him, press him — and he still avoids any cooperation (busy, sick, on vacation, etc. ). It’s hard to get rid of him because, first, you have to explain to your superiors why you recruited garbage and second, there’s a rule: if you want to be very smart and innovative, a reformer, who came here to start intelligence revolution and get rid of a passive agent, recruit an active one first. Also, agents who work under pressure (blackmail) sooner or later slide into this category.  

B. Good agents (30%), middle category. They adhere to the rules of discipline and keep the schedule (that’s very important even if there’s no information), deliver a lot of information that you have to verify through other sources, but don’t show much initiative. Used for regular espionage: go and talk to the object, copy documents, make a recording, take pictures, listen, watch. You can trust them and check often, anyway.  

C. Born agents (10%). You are very lucky if you can recruit such people. They betray their country with pleasure and sometimes do not even ask for money because it’s in their character — they are looking for adventure or are not happy with their personal or professional life and seek improvement or revenge. They take risks, have good analytical abilities, good education, make (VIP) connections easily, "crack" any object, play the "good guy" whom you can trust. Sometimes they come to you as volunteers, and if they bring valuable stuff – recruit them  

Special category. Women.  

Women are a special category here, as elsewhere, and the rule is: if you can’t recruit a real agent, you recruit a woman. It’s not professional to recruit a woman for a serious operation, but if you want to get to an important object, a woman can introduce you. OK, you can recruit a US Senator’s secretary or a typist from the Pentagon, but it will be on your conscience if she gets caught. Such cases entail a life sentence, usually — how would you feel? Besides, women often fall in love with their objects and tell them everything. Finally, a married woman is much bigger problem than a married man.  

Recruitment  

Recruit a small number of well-informed people. Do not recruit:  

– psychos  

– volunteers (unless it’s a "mole" or other government employee who brings you top secret information right away. In a counter-intelligence set-up, a "volunteer" will try to get information about you, telling the minimum about himself. )  

– persons with low educational and intellectual level  

– people under 30 or over 70, unless it’s a VIP. (Did someone get Jim Baker? Dick Cheney? )  

– mafia members  

– people who are happy with their lives and careers  

The best formula when you recruit is a mix of money and ideology (brainwashing). It’s not necessary to sign recruitment obligations — people take that as a blackmail tool. It’s enough if the fellow brings a good piece of information and get paid (make a video, anyway).  

Recruitment Pyramid  

Priority recruitment candidates in the USA:  

President  

The White House staff  

The Cabinet and federal agencies  

The US Congress  

Big corporations  

Big scientific institutions  

Local politicians  

VIP world (celebrities – big media, show biz, big sport)  

Candidates for recruitment  

1. All spies who work in the USA under legal "cover" as diplomats, reporters, scientists, businessmen, actors, artists, musicians, sportsmen have the legal right to make and develop any contacts and invite people to private parties; then they "transfer" these contacts to professional recruiters. Any embassy can invite any politician to official and private parties and "work" with him there. Besides, all those people can invite prospective candidates to their countries or to other country to develop the contact; it’s much easier to recruit abroad. And remember, any contact, any talk, any piece of biography is already information.  

2. You can get information about candidates through other agents and through the media.  

3. It’s useful to install listening devices in the government buildings or listen to the phones, and collect compromising information on politicians. I recommend listening to the phones all over the city, if it’s the capital of the country.  

"Golden" rules.  

1. Do not tell the agent about problems and mistakes of the agency, about your personal problems, about other agents, about his own file and compromising information you have on him.  

2. Don’t show him any classified documents – you might provoke him to sell the information to somebody else.  

3. Don’t trust your agents too much; they can use you to compromise their personal enemies.  

4. Never criticize the source – be an adviser. Don’t talk straight if he avoids cooperation or brings you garbage – just reduce or stop payments, or get rid of him.  

5. You lose the agent if you don’t pay him for a job well done, ask him to "produce" fake information (to show your bosses how much great espionage activity you have going on) or if you don’t care about his personal security and his personal problems (health, career). And — never give poison to your agent for security reasons.  

Questioning the source  

This is of extreme importance – the right question brings you the right answer and top secret info. Give your agent a chance to tell and show you everything he’s brought, no matter how chaotic the story might be or how ordinary the documents look. Don’t make written notices. Don’t bring written questions even if you are talking about some advanced technology — look and be professional. Don’t let the agent analyze the information before he talks to you and don’t let him bring it in a written form – it’s usually not complete; he can lose it; or it may be stolen from him. If there are documents, he has to bring a microfilm. Ask questions — when? where? what happened? why? what’s going to happen next?  

After that you tell the story back to him and he adds details. At the end of the meeting give the agent another task and don’t ask him to bring you "something, " because he’ll bring you just that "something" and nothing else.  

Remember, questioning is not interrogation; do not bring another officer to the meeting because it will look like cross interrogation.  

Teaching the source  

Teach your agent to:  

– follow security rules while talking to people, working with the documents and especially meeting the officer (some foreign agencies practice open contacts with many people, hoping that the meeting with the agent won’t attract much attention — I don’t recommend that)  

– always stay calm in stressful situations  

– always keep discipline and come in time  

– use analytic abilities working with people and documents – ask yourself as many questions as you can  

Checking the source  

You can never be sure you are not working with a "double agent, " even if he brings you top secret stuff. Besides, agents are human beings and they make mistakes — they forget about security, spend too much money, talk too much and ask extra questions; if arrested they may not play the hero but will tell everything. Anyway, you can check your source:  

a. by fake arrest followed by severe interrogation.  

b. through provocation (tell him you know about his "double game" and watch his behavior after the meeting (it’s good to have a listening device or a camera in his house).  

c. by making an analysis of all the information and documents he delivers and comparing it with information from other sources.  

d. through other agents.  

e. through your "mole" in counter-intelligence (if you’re lucky).  

f. through technical devices (reading the mail, listening to the phone, secret searching his house and office, watching him through hidden cameras, trying surveillance in the street).  

Agent termination (one-way ticket)  

It doesn’t happen often but you have to know some special situations when you have to terminate the agent:  

1. He knows too much (talks too much) and is ready to betray you.  

2. VIP agent (politician) is under suspicion and you can’t help him for political reasons (diplomatic, international scandal, etc. ) — in such a case an accident could be staged. It happens that the agent is too close to President.  

3. Agent was involved in special operations (murders) and is dangerous as a witness.  

4. Agent is trying to blackmail you.  

5. You need to press (blackmail) other agents.  

Special Influence Methods  

1. Tortures  

Torture is a category of methods of interrogation designed to shock, hurt and humiliate the object and get information or to make him do something (if used for blackmail). Points to remember:  

–ongoing torture decreases pain sensitivity  

–people with strong will power take torture as a test  

–resistance to torture is often a form of hysterics after arrest  

–the object could take himself as a martyr if you torture him too much  

–torture could damage object’s psyche and you won’t be able to work with him (that’s why we keep terrorists in Guantanamo Bay without trial – we turn them into idiots)  

–people usually trust "after torture information" more than voluntary confessions  

–there are different types of torture and professionals often combine them  

Techniques of psychological torture include:  

– fake execution  

– complete isolation ("wall therapy")  

– daylight deprivation  

– forcible narcotics addiction. Here you can use depressants, stimulants, opiates or hallucinogens : depressants (alcohol, barbiturates, antianxiety drugs  

with effects of euphoria, tension reduction,, muscle relaxation, drowsiness; stimulants (cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine (crystal meth), with effects of fast  

euphoria, exhilaration, high physical and mental energy, reduced appetite, perceptions of power, and sociability; hallucinogens with effects of euphoria, hallucinations, distorted perceptions and sensations  

–making the object observe others being tortured (such as family members)  

–abuse of object’s national, religious feelings or political views)  

The effects of psychological torture are: anxiety, depression, fear, psychosis, difficulty concentrating, communication disabilities, insomnia, impaired memory, headaches, hallucinations, sexual disturbances, destruction of self-image, inability to socialize  

Techniques of physical torture include:  

–food, water, sleep deprivation  

–damage to vital body organs (brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, private parts) plus electric shock. The brain is particularly dependent on a continuous and stable supply of oxygen and glucose.  

–rape  

–face deformation  

–water cure ( the torturer pours water down the throat of the subject to inflict the terror of drowning. In another variation, the subject is tied or held don in a chair, his face is covered with a cloth or plastic sheet, and water is poured slowly or quickly over his face to encourage him to talk  

The effects of physical torture are: extreme (unbearable) pain, hypertension, fatigue, cardiopulmonary and other disorders, brain atrophy.  

2. Special psychology  

1. "Brain washing" (implantation of new ideas). The process is: isolation from outside world ("information vacuum") — sleep and food limitation (very effective) — "bombing" with slogans – ideological aggression – achieving the result (brain is loaded). The object is now ready to brainwash newcomers.  

2. "Behavior modification" (by placing into a group). The process is: initial contact — introduction to a group — mutual interests — mutual activity–mutual ideas — control and prevention of any negative contacts outside the group. No rush, no pressure.  

3. Special psychotherapy methods: talk + drugs + blondes + alcohol (used for recruitment)  

Attention: An alcoholic is more impulsive, untrustful and unreliable; he demonstrates a poverty of ideas and incapacity for attention. He usually has serious personality maladjustments. He’s immature, insecure, oversensitive and anxious. Without alcohol he’s unable to meet and enjoy people socially, and suffers from marked feeling of inferiority. Besides, alcoholics suffer from vitamin B1 deficiency, which leads to anatomic changes in the central nervous system and heart with symptoms like anorexia, fatigability, and sleep disturbances. Other common symptoms are irritability, poor memory, inability to concentrate, heart pain.  

4. "Transfer" (the object is placed in a regular hospital and then he’s transferred to a mental health clinic or jail). In jail you can use such methods an accelerated work schedule (to exhaust the object), turning him into a number to traumatize his psyche, physical punishment or a threat of punishment to keep the object tense and depressed; senseless labor to destroy his personality. Remember: the lower the intellectual level of the object, the more aggressive he is and more sensitive to incentive or punishment.  

You can actually re-organize any object’s behavior by combining rewards and punishments, exposing him to feared situations and teaching him an instinct of a total (political) obedience.  

Imprisonment is a very strong (sometimes — ultimate) tool. My friend who spent 10 years in jail described the changes in his behavior like this:  

1st year – aggression as self-defense method (to survive)  

2nd year – less personal tension, attempts to adapt the mind and body to the new, isolated way of life  

3rd, 4th, 5th – gaining some inside status  

6th, 7th – life in jail looks like natural routine  

10th – euphoria  

3. Blackmail  

Used to force a person to do something (or stop the action) against his will; it’s used also for recruitment. Blackmail methods include:  

1. Leaking "dirt" on the object through media  

2. Creating problems in his personal life and career  

3. Straight blackmail (threatening to make public certain compromising facts about him)  

4. Placing weapons, drugs, secret documents in object’s house or office, followed by search and arrest  

5. Accusations of rape (robbery) (use hookers for that)  

6. Blackmail by pressing family members. Careful, object may commit suicide after intense blackmail, especially if he is an intellectual  

Murders technologies  

Regular  

Shooting, explosives or poison (cyanides, curare). Use a sniper or a "mouse" car (loaded with explosives and parked on the object’s route) if access to the object is impossible because of high security. Anyway, the murder is obvious and investigation is inevitable.  

General scheme.  

The best thing to do is to recruit or " install" somebody with access to the object’s security system and get information on his schedule (plus health and habits), places where he likes to relax. Try to gain access to his phone.  

Then prepare the plan and train three groups: surveillance (with optics and radios), action (includes snipers, explosives technicians or staged accidents specialists), and security (these people neutralize bodyguards, witnesses and other people who could interrupt the action; they complete the action if the action group fails; and they can neutralize the action group later, if planned so; they "cover" the safe retreat of action group and "cut" the chase).  

For some operations you can modify the ammunition to make it more deadly – hollow cuts in the tip of the bullets will cause the lead to fragment upon impact, making a huge exit hole. You reach same effect using bullets with a drop of mercury in a hollow tip and you can also coat bullets with arsenic or cyanide. Use depleted, non-radioactive uranium bullets (uranium is much heavier than lead – it can be used to make a bullet with a smaller slug and a larger portion of explosive). Teflon bullets are good because with Teflon’s antifriction characteristics they pierce bullet proof vests.  

Complex  

Staged accidents (suicides, catastrophes, drowning or fall, robbery or rape followed by murder, technical accident (fire, electricity, gas), drugs, weapons, poison, explosives misuse. Also, staged natural death (stroke, heart attack, chronic illness as a result of using special technical devices like irradiation).  

" Illegal " spies.  

When I talk about “the best, ” I mean the highest intelligence level — illegal spies, intelligence operatives who are secretly deployed abroad and covertly operate there under assumed names and well-documented cover stories, masquerading as native citizens. It's very important if you get, for example, original birth certificate of American citizen, who died (at young age preferably) or any records and documents on him(birth, wedding, death, any IDs, etc).  

The process of training and “penetration” of the officer is rather complex and includes:  

a) Special training. Foreign language, general, political and special (espionage and counter-espionage) knowledge of the target country; personal cover story — new biography, special technical devices, recruitment methods). Up to three years.  

b) Illegal probation period abroad. A trip abroad through intermediate countries with numerous changes of passports and cover stories, jobs, personal connections. Then he gets to the target country, stays there for another 1-2 years and goes back to his country for additional training and correction of cover story — actually, it’s his first combat assignment. The most important part of this assignment is to check the reliability of the cover story and documents; the cover story has to be reinforced with new and old true facts, like short-term studies at universities or professional training courses).  

c) Intermediate legislation. On his way back the officer could stay in an intermediate country for another 1-2 years, make contacts with business, scientists, government employees, celebrities.  

d) Basic legislation. Officer comes to the target country, obtains genuine documents, gets a job which allows him to travel and talk to many people, recruit informants thus creating an illegal station.  

The illegal is usually supplied with a variety of cover documents to make him “invisible” for counter-intelligence — some are used only to cross the borders on the way to a target country, others — to live there, other documents — only for travel to “third countries” to meet with officers of legal or illegal stations or to be used in case of urgent recall to home country (in that case the illegal is supposed to transit at least two or three countries). His further activity depends on how professional counter-espionage service is working in the country.  

He could fail in his mission also because of:  

– poor training and low quality documents  

– neglecting security rules.  

– one mistake in pronunciation can give you away  

– treason (traitor-informant or a “mole” inside his own service)  

– low personal security level (while working with sources)  

If we talk about "legal plants", KGB (and modern Russian SVR) loves to recruit Harvard, Yale and Columbia students and "push" them to the top of American politics – US Congress, the White House, the Cabinet.  

Coup d'etat  

Coups, like war, are one of the most violent tools of special services and one could be artificially staged in a target country by “feeding” and “pushing” the political opposition or by using VIP agents in the government. Most coups are “Bureaucratic, ” and entail mainly a change of leader, usually by person #2. That person might be the trigger or might be induced to practice “passive sabotage” and allow certain others to take over. It is also an example of political engineering. Coups usually use the power of the existing government for its own takeover.  

Conditions for a successful coup:  

–the army is supportive or at least neutral (a coup usually involves control of some active  

–portion of the military while neutralizing the remainder of the armed services)  

–the leader is out of town (vacation, visit abroad) or is ill  

–a political or economic crisis.  

–opponents fail to dislodge the plotters, allowing them to consolidate their position, obtain the surrender or acquiescence of the populace, and claim legitimacy  

Military coup  

Changing a civilian government to a military one, usually in developing countries.  

Conditions: a long-term political and economic crisis that threatens national security and the unity of the country. Military chief(s) eventually let the people elect a civilian president and form a civilian government after “re-construction” of political and economic systems. They usually leave for themselves the right to control further political process.  

A good example is the attempt of anti-Nazi officers to assassinate Hitler in a coup. On July 20, 1944, Colonel Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg brought a bomb-laden suitcase into a briefing room where Hitler was holding a meeting. The bomb exploded and several persons were killed. Hitler was wounded, but his life was saved when the suitcase was unwittingly moved away by someone. Hitler was shielded from the blast by the conference table, leaving him with minor injuries. Subsequently about 5, 000 people were arrested by the Gestapo and about 200, includingStauffenberg, were executed in connection with attempt, some on the very same day (which means that Himmler was involved and knew perfectly well about the coup).  

“Democratic” coup  

A democratic coup would be a change of the government by the most aggressive (nationalistic) political party.  

Conditions:  

–artificial or actual government crisis  

–mass anti-government propaganda  

–organized “democratic” movement all over the country  

–provoked mass protests (10, 000 participants and up) and civil disobedience actions  

To provoke a mass anti-government meeting you have to bring to the place well-trained group of agitators (bring as many as you can), and they will inevitably attract an equal number of curious persons who seek adventures and emotions, as well as those unhappy with the government (unemployed people, young and old, are usually very supportive). Arrange transportation of the participants to take them to meeting places in private or public vehicles.  

Design placards, flags and banners with different radical slogans or key words; prepare flyers, pamphlets (with instructions for the participants), posters and signs (to make the concentration more noticeable). It’s good if you place a surveillance team on the top floors of the nearby buildings – they will report any changes in the event; have also messengers to transmit your orders. Remember, if you clash with police and military and a participant(s) is being killed, the conflict inflames right away.  

Your people can also infiltrate the spontaneous anti-government meeting and turn it into a mass radical demonstration with fights and incidents. Key agitators (with security attached to them) have to be dispersed and stand by placards, signs, lampposts; they have to avoid places of disturbances, once they have provoked them.  

–the leader of the meeting must be protected by a ring of bodyguards (they protect him from police or help him to escape).  

–government buildings must be “covered” by a blockade  

“Democratic” nationalistic coups in Ukraine (2004 and 2014), so-called “orange revolution”. CIA gave the nationalists my instruction and followed them absolutely: acts of civil disobedience, strikes, sit-ins (in the central square), aggressive propaganda, mass demands to re-vote the presidential election, clashes with police.  

Revolution  

A change of government and political and economic systems by political gangsters, usually fed, pushed, incited, and possibly funded and equipped by the secret services of another country. (Even the American Revolution would not have succeeded without French military advisors and financial support. ) Government buildings are blockaded, the government isolated, all communications and transportation systems captured, government media closed, new government formed.  

Conditions:  

–political and economic crisis  

–mass anti-government propaganda (in the army too)-provoked mass protests and civil disobedience actions -terror and urban guerillas  

Self-coup  

The current government assumes extraordinary powers not allowed by the legislation. It often happens when the president is democratically elected, but later takes control of the legislative and judicial powers.  

Surveillance  

　Actual espionage is not what you see in the movies and you have absolutely no chance of evasion if a real professional surveillance crew is following you. Why? Because they use multiple methods and mixed methods.. Physical surveillance.  

Methods  

"One line" – officers follow the object forming a line behind him and passing him one by one.  

"Two lines" – officers form two lines on both sides of the street.  

"Circle" – officers block the area and start searching (used in case they lose the object).  

"Fork" – one officer (a car) moves in front of the object, another one – behind, other officers (cars) move along parallel streets  

"Box" – used when the object enters supermarket, hotel, restaurant. One or two officers follow the object, the others wait for him at the exits.  

"Demonstration" – officers demonstrate their presence to press the object and lower his activity.  

"Provocation" – officers attack the object, beat him, steal (secret) documents. Often used to lower his activity if he’s trying to play James Bond.  

"Outstrip" – officers do not follow the object because they know exactly where he’s going.  

"Football" – officers pass the object to each other (car — a group — bicyclist — car…)  

"Movie" – the crew watches the object in stages: first day — to the subway only, second day — from subway to his office, etc. (used abroad). The crew has to have a female member if they are watching a woman (she could use the ladies room for a secret meeting) and members of various ethnicities (white, black, Latino) because the object could go to a specific ethnic area.  

If you’re the object and you’ve noticed surveillance:  

Don’t rush, move at the same speed.  

Relax at the nearest bar (and relax the crew).  

Don’t show how professional you are by trying to disappear, otherwise they could intensify surveillance or even neutralize you (smash your car, beat you up).  

Postpone the operation you were engaged in.  

Use a "draught" if you need to see your agent no matter what. Change lanes (if you are driving), stop the car and then drive left or right.  

If you don’t see surveillance, that means either there’s no surveillance or you’ve failed in counter-surveillance. Discreetly watch the agent who’s coming to meet you and try to detect any possible surveillance; or you may have been "outstripped. "  

Surveillance crew mistakes:  

The same crew follows the object all day long.  

The object "rules" the crew and calculates it (he moves faster — the crew moves faster).  

A crew member is too noticeable (unusual dress, haircut, disabled parts of the body, too fat or too skinny, too ugly or too pretty).  

The crew starts to search possible hiding places for espionage evidence right after the object leaves (and he may be watching).  

The crew leaves traces after a secret search of the object’s house (office).  

The crew does not report its mistakes or the fact that they’ve lost the object.  

The crew is not professional (using childish tricks like jumping out of a subway train just before the doors close).  

Technical Surveillance  

1. Visual surveillance. Done through special holes in the ceilings and walls, through the windows from the opposite building (car) or by installing the camera inside the house (you can substitute something, like a clock, for the same thing but "stuffed" with a camera or recorder. ) You can use informant as well to watch the object outside his house (especially if you want to do a secret search).  

2. Listening devices. The easiest thing is to listen to the object’s phone (record all calls, including those dialed "by mistake"). If you work inside his apartment, make sure you equip the room where he usually talks. Attention: avoid widespread mistake when your agent keeps the listening device on his body; install a miniature device in his clothes or shoes, because the object could try a test and ask the agent to take off his clothes or invite him to the sauna or pool.  

3. If you are working abroad, listen 24/7 to local counterintelligence surveillance radiofrequencies.  

4. Reading the mail. When you control the object’s mail, remember he could use multiple addresses and PO boxes. Open all the letters with no return address or PO box. Watch when you open the letter — the object could leave a tiny piece of paper, hair, etc. to check if anybody opened the letter. Analyze the text carefully — there could be a cipher or the words with double meaning (jargon), especially when you read mafia mail.  

5. Combination of above-mentioned methods  

Spies Identification  

If a spy is an intelligence officer working abroad under "cover" (diplomat, businessman, reporter) you can identify him by:  

– following the careers of all diplomats who work at your enemy’s embassies all over the world  

– recruiting a "mole" inside the intelligence service (or inside the station)  

– setting up your agent for recruitment by the enemy’s station  

– watching foreigners who try to make discreet contacts with native citizens with access to secrets  

– making a model of a spy (professional behavior, attempts to detect surveillance, attempts to recruit sources or just get any classified information during normal meetings, "throwing away" money trying to get access to government employees, military and scientific circles)  

– using secret surveillance and listening devices inside the station and practicing secret searches  

If a spy is an intelligence officer working in your country under "cover" of a native citizen (or he is recruited by a native citizen) you identify him by making a model (contacts with identified spies — that’s often the only sign which points out a spy, and that’s why surveillance is very important in getting information from a "mole"). CIA “mole” and KGB intelligence officer V. Martynov arrested at Moscow airport, 1987.  

"Moles"  

CIA “mole” and KGB intelligence officer V. Martynov arrested at Moscow airport, 1987. Later he was executed.  

A "mole" is a spy inside the government, recruited or "installed" most often within the special services, by an outside government/agency. The 3 most dangerous things a "mole" can do:  

1. Calculate President’s plans and decisions judging by information he’s asking for.  

2. Manipulate information being sent to President, and thus influence global political decisions  

3. Paralyze to some extent the government (if he’s CIA or FBI Director)  

Methods to detect a "mole":  

A. Use index cards (special file) — never use computers to save this information!  

Prepare a file on each officer and mark there the signs of a "mole" — has or spends too much money, asks too many extra questions; uses professional skills to check for physical and technical surveillance; has discreet contacts with foreigners; discreet copying of top secret documents; attempts to get a job in most secret departments; talks with close friends and family members about the possibility of making money as a "mole"; behavior deviations — extra suspiciousness, excitement, depression, drugs or alcohol addiction. Three signs are enough to start an investigation — the "triangulation" principle.  

B. Use provocation. If a prospective "mole" is looking for a contact with the enemy and is ready to betray, and you have exact information, organize such a "meeting" for him. Do not arrest the person right away — play along, as he may give you connections to other people who are ready to betray. There’s one more provocation method: you supply the suspects with "highly classified information" and just watch what they do.  

C. Use "filter" or "narrowing the circle. " Include all the officers you suspect in a "circle" and narrow it until one name is left as the most likely suspect.  

D. Make a "model" of a "mole, " judging by information you have on him.  

E. Recruit an insider. Recruit a "mole" inside your enemy’s intelligence service and he’ll help you to find the one inside yours (it’s called "grabbing the other end of a thread").  

F. Don’t trust anybody.  

What to do if you’ve detected a "mole"  

– assess the damage  

– restrict his access to classified information and start "feeding" him with fake data  

– stop all operations he was involved in and create the illusion they are still in progress  

– bring home officers and agents who work abroad and had contacts with him and those to whose files he had access  

– start 24/7 surveillance if you’ve decided to play the game and look into his contacts  

– arrest the "mole" discreetly (if you want to continue the game)  

Effective methods to prevent treason do not exist.  

How to cover your "mole"  

There are special methods to cover your own "mole" and a "switch" is the most effective — it’s when you "switch" counterintelligence to other, innocent persons who work with the "mole. " You can try information "leaks" through a "double agent" — it looks like you receive top secret information through another traitor or by breaking the electronic security systems. Or you can try information "leak" through publications in big newspapers — it looks like information is not secret and is known to many people or there’s another "mole. "  

Special Strategies  

Every operation demands a set of original methods, especially if we are talking about strategic intelligence. I give you a few examples.  

1. "Domino" or "chain reaction. " A coup, revolution or civil war in one country provokes the same actions in other countries (neighbors). It doesn't matter what country is going to be next, most important – what country is a target.  

2. "False flag". The planned, but never executed, 1962 Operation Northwoods plot by the U. S. administration for a war with Cuba involved scenarios such as hijacking a passenger plane and blaming it on Cuba.  

3. "Sliding" strategy. Transformation of a secret operation into an open one: support of illegal opposition/coup.  

4. "Restriction. " You damage (limit) international and economic connections (projects) of the enemy.  

5. "Monopoly. " Special operation to keep country’s monopoly or status as economic leader or special (nuclear) holder, or high tech producer. Includes actions to restrict the attempts of other countries to get strategic raw materials and modern weapons and technologies.  

6. "Reverse effect. " The government declares a certain goal and launches a military or special operation, but the result is something quite different, possibly opposite. Examples: instead of separating (ethnic) group "A" from group "B" both of them are being exterminated; instead of peace and democracy in a certain region, power is being concentrated in one group and the opposition is being exterminated.  

7. "Clash. " You "clash" the government and opposition of a target country and support civil war until the country is ruined and you get it for free.  

8. "Salami-slice strategy". It’s a process of threats and alliances used to overcome opposition. It includes the creation of several factions within the opposing political party, and then dismantling that party from inside, without causing the "sliced" sides to protest.  

9. "Positive shock. " A domestic operation; to save the government during a crisis, special service provokes artificial civil conflict or sabotage, imitation (terror), and the government takes care of the "problem. "  

10. "Controlled crisis export" (see "Foreign Policy")  

11. "Sanitation border. " "Fencing" the target country by enemies (neighbors).  

12. "Alibi. " You build a "chain" of evidence (witnesses) and move the investigation to a dead end.  

13. "Passive sabotage. " A very effective strategy used to cover up a major action like the assassination of a President or the destruction of several office towers. You just "do not see the bad guys" who are going to kill the President or blow up the city. In any case you win — the perpetrators are not sure you are watching them; you can arrest them if the object survives or liquidate them once the object is dead. You don’t need a big conspiracy, you just give the order to ignore certain people until their plan materializes.  

14. "Special tour. " You help the target country to "build democratic institutions" (the government and local administrations) by sending official crews to help. Actually, they rule the country and that’s a "hidden occupation. "  

15. "Mask. " You mask your actual global plans (reforms) by another big action (war).  

16. Illegal espionage operations. Very dangerous, because illegal spy is playing born American and can make career in business, becoming #1 Pentagon supplier or in the government, getting to the Congress or even White House.  

Chapter 6. Counterespionage management  

"Golden rules"  

1. Don’t die a hero – that’s bad planning, poor training and lack of experience; the dead man goes to a hall of shame and stupidity. Bad planning is an operational failure; once things have gone off track it is far more complicated to achieve the objective. Multi-step complex operations come from the fantasies of bureaucrats who watch too many movies. Keep it simple if you want to get it right.  

2. Never provoke people to break the law – that’s not professional.  

3. Always look for insider if it’s about sophisticated operation (bank robbery, etc. ).  

Investigation  

Stages:  

– secure and examine carefully the crime scene (every person who enters the scene is a potential destroyer of physical evidence)  

– record the scene (make photos, sketches, notes with detailed written description of the scene with the location of evidences recovered)  

– collect physical evidences (blood, semen, saliva, hair, documents, drugs, weapons and explosives, poisonous substances, fingerprints, traces, soils and minerals, fiber) and package everything  

– collect confessions and eyewitnesses accounts and then  

– make a plan of investigation and correct it later  

– research similar crimes and criminals involved  

– make a model (profile) of the suspect  

– analyze expertise data  

– work with secret sources  

– cooperate with other divisions (abroad, if needed)  

– make arrest  

– interrogate  

Arrest  

In daytime arrest people discreetly – don’t inflame extra public irritation. There’s a general rule: more arrests – less crime prevention (after being in jail people, engage in more sophisticated and secret criminal activity). After mass arrests at certain places (buildings) repeat the action in a day or two.  

Procedure:  

– chasing the object, block the area into circles (follow the plan for a certain area) and try to "push" him to a certain place where your team is waiting  

– taking the object in the street: look around for his partner(s), who could shoot you from behind  

– be on the alert if anybody tries to talk to you in the street – it could be an attempt to divert your attention  

– arresting a crew, shoot and disarm any people with guns first  

– never hesitate to shoot terrorists – some of them have mental problems and won’t think a second before shooting you  

– arrest a dangerous object while he’s relaxed (drugs, alcohol, sex, sleep) and don’t let him kill himself, eliminate evidences or warn his partners. (Most people feel more relaxed when traveling abroad. ) To take the object alive, scream, shoot over his head, use smoke and light grenades.  

– camouflage your team (as ambulance workers, construction workers, vendors, etc. )  

– if there’s a crowd around the object, shoot in the air and order everybody to lie down— the object has no choice  

– if the object is well armed and very dangerous (and you have intelligence information on that), you have to shoot him even in a very crowded area as you never know what he’s going to do next — take hostages, shoot people or blow up a bomb (three wounded people is a better score than three hundred dead).  

Interrogation  

Interrogation is a conversational process of information gathering. The intent of interrogation is to control an individual so that he will either willingly supply the requested information or, if someone is an unwilling participant in the process, to make the person submit to the demands for information.  

Remember, people tend to:  

–talk when they are under stress and respond to kindness and understanding.  

–show deference when confronted by superior authority, This is culturally dependent, but in most areas of the world people are used to responding to questions from a variety of government and quasi-government officials.  

–operate within a framework of personal and culturally derived values. People tend to respond positively to individuals who display the same value system and negatively when their core values are challenged.  

–respond to physical and, more importantly, emotional self-interest.  

–fail to apply or remember lessons they may have been taught regarding security if confronted with a disorganized or strange situation  

–be more willing to discuss a topic about which the interrogator demonstrates identical or related experience or knowledge  

–appreciate flattery and exoneration from guilt  

Tricks:  

a) "good cop / bad cop"  

b)"story under a story" (after intense interrogation the object tells a different story — which is not true, either)  

c) "bombing" with questions  

d) pressure by not interrogating  

e) "silence makes your situation worse" trick  

f) "admit one small episode and that’s it" trick  

g) "I help you — you help me" trick  

h) "shift" – try to shift the blame away from the suspect to some other person or set of circumstances that prompted the subject to commit the crime. That is, develop themes containing reasons that will justify or excuse the crime. Themes may be developed or changed to find one to which the accused is most responsive.  

Methods to detect a "mole":  

A. Use index cards (special file) — never use computers to save this information!  

Prepare a file on each officer and mark there the signs of a "mole" — has or spends too much money, asks too many extra questions; uses professional skills to check for physical and technical surveillance; has discreet contacts with foreigners; discreet copying of top secret documents; attempts to get a job in most secret departments; talks with close friends and family members about the possibility of making money as a "mole"; behavior deviations — extra suspiciousness, excitement, depression, drugs or alcohol addiction. Three signs are enough to start an investigation — the "triangulation" principle.  

B. Use provocation. If a prospective "mole" is looking for a contact with the enemy and is ready to betray, and you have exact information, organize such a "meeting" for him. Do not arrest the person right away — play along, as he may give you connections to other people who are ready to betray. There’s one more provocation method: you supply the suspects with "highly classified information" and just watch what they do.  

C. Use "filter" or "narrowing the circle. " Include all the officers you suspect in a "circle" and narrow it until one name is left as the most likely suspect.  

D. Make a "model" of a "mole, " judging by information you have on him.  

E. Recruit an insider. Recruit a "mole" inside your enemy’s intelligence service and he’ll help you to find the one inside yours (it’s called "grabbing the other end of a thread").  

F. Don’t trust anybody.  

What to do if you’ve detected a "mole"  

– assess the damage  

– restrict his access to classified information and start "feeding" him with fake data  

– stop all operations he was involved in and create the illusion they are still in progress  

– bring home officers and agents who work abroad and had contacts with him and those to whose files he had access  

– start 24/7 surveillance if you’ve decided to play the game and look into his contacts  

– arrest the "mole" discreetly (if you want to continue the game)  

Effective methods to prevent treason do not exist.  

How to cover your "mole"  

There are special methods to cover your own "mole" and a "switch" is the most effective — it’s when you "switch" counterintelligence to other, innocent persons who work with the "mole. " You can try information "leaks" through a "double agent" — it looks like you receive top secret information through another traitor or by breaking the electronic security systems. Or you can try information "leak" through publications in big newspapers — it looks like information is not secret and is known to many people or there’s another "mole. "  

President's protection (instruction for Secret Service)  

The top priority in protecting the President’s life must be organized and complete intelligence. Any information from any person from any country concerning the President’s personal security has to be immediately analyzed, and immediate action has to be performed. This is the first priority for intelligence and counter-intelligence agencies and police as well as the Secret Service. If the system is organized properly, nobody could even get in a position to try to shoot. Of course, the safest thing is to restrict the President’s routes to government buildings only; but he has to travel and he has to travel abroad, too. Still, the President should leave his Office only when he really has to.  

Since the President has to be let out from time to time, the newer technique is to restrict where the onlookers may congregate, especially those who wish to take the opportunity to express dismay with Presidential policies. Thus we now see the evolution of "free speech corners" so that demonstrators are confined to specific areas far from the actual event where the President is appearing or the route he is transiting.  

Practical protection during presidential appearances  

1. The Secret Service must have a top-secret plan of all visits, because the advance group has to come to the place at least a week ahead and cooperate with the field FBI offices and police (foreign special services if it’s a visit abroad) paying attention to extremist groups and organizations. Officers and technicians search the place, looking for possible explosives, radioactive, biological and chemical dangerous or poisonous stuff and weapons; they check the walls, floors and ceilings; check air and water in the area; install weapons and explosives detectors and stay at the place 24/7, using night vision devices, too. (Dogs are good helpers if there is any question of explosives. ) You have to check nearby houses as well (there could be people with mental health problems or dangerous criminals. Remember, the President must not appear in open areas close to apartment buildings. And the President has to be able to reach the National Security Command Center at any time.  

2. If the President has to make a speech in open area there should be at least 3 security circles around him:  

– up to 50 ft (personal bodyguards, weapons and explosives technicians)  

– up to 200 ft (fast reaction anti-terror group)  

– up to 1000 ft (support groups, snipers, police)  

The security system includes both "open" and undercover groups (obvious security and people who play the crowd or service — drivers, waiters, cleaners — terrorists don’t pay attention to them, as a rule). Each group follows its instructions strictly and avoids mess (personal bodyguards are in charge of immediate protection, anti-terror group has to fight and chase terrorists, etc. ). Extra people always mean extra danger, so the most secure situation is when extra people have no access to the President at all and can’t get into any of three circles. The guest list has to be triple checked to exclude anybody with criminal records who could compromise the leader. Reporters are there too and you have to tell them exactly where to wait (they have to be checked and kept separate after that), where to stand and what pictures (poses) to take; the President can’t look stupid or funny. Inside the building watch when people applaud, stand up and sit down — terrorists prefer these situations to shoot or blow explosives.  

When President moves through or along the crowd, "cut" it into pieces, guard him in circles, watch people who are carrying any objects (no flowers! ) — they must not approach him; watch people with hands in their pockets, those who try to touch him, shake his hand, pass any object (gift, picture, photo). They must not be allowed to do that. If anybody behaves in a suspicious way, hold him tight (so he can’t take out a gun) and "screw" him out of the crowd. In case of any attempt push the President to the ground, cover him and shoot immediately. Then leave the place as soon as possible and bring him to the hospital for a check up (even if he’s OK).  

The worst one – Secret Service and other agencies get inadequate intelligence information on a possible attempt or overlook important information, including anonymous letters and mail from psychos. (They must have information, even if it’s "inside" the White House conspiracy. Agents have to memorize pictures of all the most dangerous persons who are wanted in the United States and people who were involved in attempted attacks on top politicians worldwide. )  

The next two — extraneous people are allowed access to the President or extraneous people stay in the area close enough to shoot the President. In 1997, a France Press reporter took a picture of the Clintons dancing during their vacation on the Virgin Islands — they were dressed for the Caribbean and were happy in their privacy. Luckily, it was just a reporter, but what if it had been a sniper? What was the Secret Service doing? Then the picture was published worldwide and Hillary Clinton was furious – she didn’t look attractive at all.  

The last two major errors occur when (1) you can’t identify the potential terrorists in the crowd and (2) you react too slow or waste time evacuating the President.  

Chapter 7. Military management  

Commander-in-Chief.  

American President loves war, not peace, because:  

a) Successful military engagement enhances presidential popularity. All five Presidents who have run for re-election during a war have won.  

b) A quick war improves the electoral fortunes of the president’s political party.  

c) War is good business, at least if you win, and at least if it does not drag on too long. It stimulates demand for a variety of manufactured goods and services (even if they are all destined to go down the drain) and is a powerful stimulus to all fields of scientific endeavor.  

d) War provides opportunities to direct lucrative contracts to companies and individuals who helped get the President elected, or who can help in the future; and to the constituents of select Senators and Congressmen for the same reasons.  

e) War usually pleases the Joint Chiefs (and their full support is important politically).  

f) War keeps down the unemployment figures.  

g) War is just one detail in a vast ongoing game of international strategy for domination; it is as much a financial operation as anything else.  

h) War unifies the country, and keeps the public’s attention away from issues that might be controversial.  

i) War provides a rationale for the implementation of tighter legislation and the removal of certain freedoms that would never be tolerated in peacetime America.  

At the same time, war is limited by political decisions and by public opinion. Initially the use of US forces spurs a "rally around the flag" effect that lifts the President’s popularity and builds up support for the troops. But the American people are casualty averse and the positive effect lasts only until the number of casualties and the length of the engagement begin to wear on the public. Continued military action will then have a deleterious effect on presidential approval ratings as the war becomes increasingly unpopular.  

In the long run, the destruction of such vast quantities of resources, and the diversion of so much of the nation’s productive capacity away from actual goods and services for the real economy, are obviously immensely deleterious. Eventually, these downside effects will begin to dawn on even the best-manipulated electorate.  

Sniper  

"Golden" rules  

1. Train your muscles to snap to the standard position for shooting, to squeeze the trigger straight back with the ball of your finger to avoid jerking the gun sideways.  

Train yourself to shoot while you stand, sit, lie, walk, run, jump, fall down; shoot at voices, shoot in a dark room, different weather and distance, day and night; shoot one object and a group; use one gun, two guns, gun and submachine gun (some doctrines train a sniper to breathe deeply before shooting, then hold their lungs empty while he lines up and takes his shot; other go further, teaching a sniper to shoot between heartbeats to minimize barrel motion)  

2. Camouflage yourself ten times before you make a single shot. Position yourself in a building (no rooftops or churches! ), which offers a long-range fields of fire and all-round observation. Don’t stay in places with heavy traffic! Use unusual angles of approach and frequent slow movement to prevent accurate counter-attacks.  

3. Move slowly to prevent accurate counter-attack, don’t be a mark yourself  

4. Kill officers and military leaders first (Attention, officers: don’t walk in front of your soldiers! )  

5. Use suppressive fire to cover a retreat  

6. Use rapid fire when the squad attempts a rescue  

7. Shoot helicopters, turbine disks of parked jet fighters, missile guidance packages, tubes or wave guides of radar sets  

8. At distances over 300 m attempt body shots, aiming at the chest; at lesser distances attempt head shots (the most effective range is 300 to 600 meters). Police snipers who generally engage at much shorter distances may attempt head shots to ensure the kill (in instant-death hostage situations they shoot for the cerebellum, a part of the brain that controls voluntary movement that lies at the base of the skull).  

9. Shoot from flanks and rear  

10. Never approach the body until you shoot it several times  

11. Careful: the object could be wearing a bulletproof vest  

12. It’s important to get to the place, but it’s more important to get out alive  

13. Remember, in hot weather bullets travel higher, in cold — lower; a silencer reduces the maximum effective range of the weapon. Wind poses the biggest problem — the stronger the wind, the more difficult it is to hold the rifle steady and gauge how it will affect the bullet’s trajectory. (You must be able to classify the wind and the best method is to use the clock system. With you at the center of the clock and the target at 12 o’clock, the wind is assigned into three values: full, half and no value. Full value means that the force of the wind will have a full effect on the flight of the bullet, and these winds come from 3 and 9 o’clock. Half value means that a wind at the same speed, but from 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 11 o’clock, will move the bullet only half as much as a full-value wind. No value means that a wind from 6 or 12 o’clock will have little or no effect on the flight of the bullet). Shooting uphill or downhill can require more adjustment due to the effects of gravity. For moving targets, the point of aim is in front of the target ( it’s called "Leading" the target, where the amount of lead depends on the speed and angle of the target’s movement. For this technique, holding over is the preferred method. Anticipating the behavior of the target is necessary to accurately place the shot).  

14. NEVER fire from the edge of a wood line – you should fire from a position inside the wood line (in the shade of shadows).  

15. DO NOT cause overhead movement of trees, bushes or tall grasses by rubbing against them; move very slowly.  

16. Do not use trails, roads or footpaths, avoid built-up and populated areas and areas of heavy enemy guerrilla activity.  

17.. If you work in terrain without any natural support, use your rucksack, sandbag, a forked stick, or you may build a field-expedient bipod or tripod. The most accurate position though is prone, with a sandbag supporting the stock, and the stock’s cheek-piece against the cheek.  

18. The sniper has a tendency to watch the target instead of his aiming point.  

Counter-sniper tactics  

1. Active: direct observation by posts equipped with laser protective glasses and night vision devices; patrolling with military working dogs; calculating the trajectory; bullet triangulation; using decoys to lure a sniper; using another sniper; UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles); directing artillery or mortar fire onto suspected sniper positions, the use of smoke-screens; emplacing tripwire-operated munitions, mines, or other booby-traps near suspected sniper positions( you can improvise booby-traps by connecting trip-wires to fragmentation hand grenades, smoke grenades or flares. Even though these may not kill the sniper, they will reveal his location. Booby –traps devices should be placed close to likely sniper hides or along the probable routes used into and out of the sniper’s work area). If the squad is pinned down by sniper fire and still taking casualties, the order may be given to rush the sniper’s position. If the sniper is too far for a direct rush, a "rush to cover" can also be used. The squad may take casualties, but with many moving targets and a slow-firing rifle, the losses are usually small compared to holding position and being slowly picked off. If the sniper’s position is known, but direct retaliation is not possible, a pair of squads can move through concealment (cover) and drive the nipper toward the group containing the targets. This decreases the chances that the sniper will find a stealthy, quick escape route.  

2. Passive: limited exposure of the personnel (use concealed routes, avoid plazas and intersections, stay away from doorways and windows, move along the side of the street and not down the center, move in the shadows, move dispersed, avoid lighted areas at night, move quickly across open areas, avoid wearing obvious badges of rank, adapt screens on windows, use armored vehicles); use Kevlar helmet and bulletproof vest.  

Military tricks  

1. Use rapid dominance: technology + speed + information domination.  

2. Use artillery preparation. It is the artillery fire delivered before an attack to destroy, neutralize, or suppress the enemy’s defense and to disrupt communications and disorganize the enemy’s defense.  

3. Use deception especially before the first strike (air strike + artillery). Deception plays a key part in offensive operations and has two objectives: the first objective is to weaken the local defense by drawing reserves to another part of the battlefield. This may be done by making a small force seem larger than it is. The second objective is to conceal the avenue of approach and timing of the main attack.  

4. Imitate assault to make the enemy expose his positions and fire system.  

5. Mines, mines, mines. There are four types of minefield : the tactical large-area minefield, usually laid by engineers, for tactical use on the battlefield(i. e. to canalize the enemy into killing areas); the protective minefield, the sort that you will plant in front of your position for defensive purposes; the nuisance minefield, designed to hamper and disrupt enemy movement ; and the dummy minefield – a wired off area suitably marked can be as effective as the real thing.  

6. Don’t touch anything in the places the enemy just left – check for mines first. A minefield is a mortal surprise and you have to know how to breach and cross it: remove your helmet, rucksack, watch, belt, and anything else that may hinder movement or fall off, leave your rifle and equipment with another soldier in the team, get a wooden stick about 30 cm (12 in) long for a probe and sharpen one of the ends (do not use a metal probe), place the unsharpened end of the probe in the palm of one hand with your fingers extended and your thumb holding the probe, and probe every 5 cm (2 in) across a 1-meter area in front of you and push the probe gently into the ground at an angle less than 45 degrees, kneel (or lie down) and feel upward and forward with your free hand to find tripwires and pressure prongs before starting to probe, put enough pressure on the probe to sink it slowly into the ground and if the probe does not go into the ground, pick or chip the dirt away with the probe and remove it by hand, stop probing when a solid object is touched, remove enough dirt from around the object to find out what it is. If you found a mine, remove enough dirt around it to see what type of mine it is, mark it and report its exact location to your leader. Once a footpath has been probed and the mines marked, a security team should cross the minefield to secure the far side. After the far side is secure, the rest of the unit should cross.  

7. Visual indicators. Pay attention to the following indicators : trip wires, signs of road repair (new fill or paving, road patches, ditching), dead animals, damaged vehicles, tracks that stop unexplainably, wires leading away from the side of the road (they may be firing wires that are partially buried), mounds of dirt, change of plants color,, pieces of wood or othr debris on a road. Remember, mined areas, like other obstacles are often covered by fire. Keep also in mind, that local civilians try to avoid certain (mined) areas.  

8. Use phony minefields to simulate live minefields. For example, disturb the ground so that it appears that mines have been emplaced and mark boundaries with appropriate warnings.  

9. Make a real minefield appear phony, or camouflage it. For example, once a real minefield is settled, a wheel or a specially made circular wooden tank track marker can be run through the field, leaving track or tire marks to lure the enemy onto live mines. Antipersonnel mines should not be sown in such a field until the track marks have been laid. Another method is to leave gaps in the mechanically laid field, run vehicles through the gaps, and then close them with hand-laid mines without disturbing the track marks.  

10. Use feint attack to draw defensive action towards the point under assault (it’s usually used as a diversion and to force the enemy to concentrate more manpower in a given area so that the opposing force in another area is weaker).  

11. Issue false orders over the radio, imitate a tanks’, fighters’ and bombers’ assault while preparing to retreat.  

12. Use dummy units and installations, phony radio traffic, movement and suppressive fires in other areas timed to coincide with the real attack  

13. Use force multiplication by using decoy vehicles and use small convoys to generate dust clouds. Move trucks into and out of the area giving it the appearance of being a storage facility or logistic base.  

14. Simulate damage to induce the enemy to leave important targets alone. For example, ragged patterns can be painted on the walls and roof of a building with tar and coal dust, and covers placed over them.  

15. Stack debris nearby and wire any unused portions for demolition. During an attack, covers are removed under cover of smoke generators, debris scattered and demolitions blown. Subsequent enemy air photography will disclose a building that is too badly damaged to be used.  

16. Change positions at night time only.  

17. Use dispersal to relocate and spread out forces to increase their chances of survival.  

18. Imitate fake ballistic missiles divisions and military headquarters to entrap enemy’s intelligence and sabotage groups.  

19. Use "sack" strategy ("cutting" enemy’s army into separate groups).  

20. Use strategic bombing (the massive attack on cities, industries, lines of communication and supply).  

21. Simulate bombing of minor objects and attack important ones.  

22. Use counter-battery fire (detecting with counter-battery radars the source of incoming artillery shells and firing back), using mobile artillery pieces or vehicles with mounted rocket launchers to fire and then move before any counter-battery fire can land on the original position.  

23. Use airborne operations, when helicopters transport troops into the battle and provide fire support at battle sites simultaneously with artillery fire, keeping enemy off guard.  

24. Helicopters are extremely important as they can be sent everywhere: to kill tanks and other helicopters, for aerial mine laying, for electronic warfare, for naval operations (anti-submarine and anti-ship patrols), to correct artillery and tactical fighters fire, for reconnaissance, command, control and communications, to insert special forces, to evacuate casualties (this helps maintain the morale of the troops), to carry supplies (missile systems, ammunition, fuel food, to escort convoys, for navigational help, to destroy battlefield radars, communications and radio relay systems, to seal gaps and protect flanks, for rear-area security, counter — penetration, rapid reinforcement of troops under pressure, raids and assaults behind enemy lines, air assault in offensive and defensive operations, to strengthen anti-tank defenses by inserting infantry anti-tank teams. Helicopters offer a strong tactical surprise and take a ground conflict into the third dimension, making the enemy’s ground maneuvers impossible.  

25. When fighting an insurgency: once you get intelligence, you have to bomb the area to "soften" insurgents and then send helicopters with special forces teams right away. Helicopters suppress and cut-off by fire insurgents trying to escape and the teams clear-up the remains. Transport helicopters must bring in troops rapidly from different bases and build-up numerically superior force which insurgents cannot match.  

26. Use joint bombers/fighters flights to bomb transportation, supply, bridges, railroads, highways, antiaircraft and radar sites. To gain surprise, attack with the sun behind you. Remember, enemy will try to saturate the airspace through which the aircraft will fly with fire.  

27. Watch out for the tank ambushes!  

Storming the City  

Procedure  

1. Effective intelligence is 90% of success. Use sources like agents among the enemy’s high ranking officers, prisoners of war, captured documents and maps, enemy’s activity, local civilians (agents). Use intelligence and sabotage groups (through them you can deliver your fake plans and maps). You must know how the enemy usually defends a built-up area and the approaches to it, critical objectives within the built-up area that provide decisive tactical advantages, tactical characteristics of the built-up area and its structure. Information about the population will assist in determining where to attack, what firepower restrictions may be imposed, and what areas within the urban complex must be avoided to minimize destruction of life-support facilities and civilian casualties.  

2. Make the enemy attack you if possible, because if you attack first the victims calculation is 5:1.  

3. Train your troops to storm this certain city.  

4. Blockade the city completely.  

5. Attack the city from different points ( flanks and rear! ) at the same time after intense artillery fire and bombing (that’s a very strong psychological blow. Its intensity is determined by the strength of defensive forces, the type of building construction, and the density of fires required to suppress observation and fires. You must destroy command posts, heavy weapons positions, communications, troop emplacements, tall structures that permit observation. Then engineers move forward under the cover of smoke and high explosives to neutralize barriers and breach minefields on routes into the city). Field artillery, attack helicopters and offense air support must disrupt the enemy command and control network and destroy his support units ( field artillery mostly creates breaches in buildings, walls and barricades. Mortars cover avenues of enemy troop movements, such as street intersections and alleys; mortars firing positions are placed behind walls or inside buildings close to their targets). A hasty attack is conducted when the enemy has not established strong defensive positions and attacking forces can exploit maneuver to overwhelm the defense – locate a weak spot or gap in enemy defenses, fix forward enemy elements, rapidly move through or around the gap or weak spot to be exploited. A deliberate attack is necessary when enemy defenses are extremely prepared, when the urban obstacle is extremely large or severely congested., or when the advantage of surprise has been lost. It’s divided into three basic phases: isolation from reinforcement and resupply by securing dominating terrain and utilizing direct and indirect fires; assault to rupture the defenses and secure a foothold on the perimeter of the built-up area from which attacks to clear the area may be launched (an envelopment, assaulting defensive weaknesses on the flanks or rear of the built-up area, is preferred, however, a penetration may be required; and clearance, a systematic building-by-building, block-by-block advance through the entire area..  

6. Target vital bridges, transportation facilities that are required to sustain future combat operations, strategic industrial or vital communications facilities. Attacks against built-up areas will be avoided when the area is not required to support future operations, bypassing is tactically feasible, the built-up area has been declared an "open city" to preclude civilian casualties or to preserve cultural or historical facilities, sufficient combat forces are not available to seize and clear the built-up area.  

7. Don’t use tanks on narrow streets! Tanks can be decisive in city fighting, with the ability to demolish walls and fire medium and heavy machine guns in several directions simultaneously. However, tanks are especially vulnerable in urban combat. It’s much easier for enemy infantry to sneak behind a tank or fire at its sides, where it is vulnerable. In addition, firing down from multi-story buildings allows shots at the soft upper turret armor and even basic weapons like Molotov cocktails, if aimed at the engine air intakes, can disable a tank.  

8. Use 3 groups at each point.  

1st. A "dead" group plus tanks moves fast to the center, again, after intense artillery fire and bombing (otherwise you’ll have heavy casualties).  

2nd. The group follows the first one and inside the city goes like a "fan" in all directions enveloping the defender’s flanks and rear.  

3rd. The group is on reserve in case the enemy counterattacks.  

The first phase of the attack should be conducted when visibility is poor. Troops can exploit poor visibility to cross open areas, gain access to rooftops, infiltrate enemy areas and gain a foothold. If the attack must be made when visibility is good, units should consider using smoke to conceal movement. The formation used in attack depends on the width and depth of the zone to be cleared, the character of the area, anticipated enemy resistance, and the formation adopted by the next higher command. Lead companies may have engineers attached for immediate support. Tasks given to engineers may include preparing and using explosives to breach walls and obstacles, finding and exploding mines in place or helping remove them, clearing barricades and rubble, cratering roads.  

9. Use paratroopers to capture important objects (airport, government buildings, military headquarters, port, railway station).  

10. Capture high buildings and place machine gunners and snipers on upper floors (buildings provide excellent sniping posts for defenders, too).  

11. Get all important cross-roads to maneuver troops and tanks.  

12. Block highways!  

13. Watch out – there are mines everywhere (alleys and rubble-filled streets are ideal for planting booby traps). Be alert for booby traps in doors, windows, halls, stairs, and concealed in furniture.  

14. Watch underground communications – the enemy could stay in subway tunnels, sewage system.  

15. Don’t waste time storming the buildings – blow up the walls and move forward.  

16. Soldiers in an urban environment are faced with ground direct fire danger in three dimensions — not just all-round fire but also from above (multi-story buildings) and from below (sewers and subways) and that’s why, here, the most survivable systems, like tanks, are at great risk. Also, there are increased casualties because of shattered glass, falling debris, rubble, ricochets, urban fires and falls from heights. Stress-related casualties and non-battle injuries resulting from illnesses or environmental hazards, such as contaminated water, toxic industrial materials also increase the number of casualties.  

17. In the streets use artillery and mortars to "soften" the enemy up before assault.  

Special forces  

Maximum damage, minimum loss.  

Special military operations have special requirements:  

1. Detailed planning and coordination that allow the special unit to discern and exploit the enemy’s weakness while avoiding its strength.  

2. Decentralized execution, individual and unit initiative.  

3. Surprise, achieved through the units ability to move by uncommon means, along unexpected routes, over rough terrain, during poor weather and reduced  

visibility. Survivability, achieved by rapid mission accomplishment and a prompt departure from the objective area.  

4. Mobility, speed, and violence of execution (the speed at which events take place confuses and deceives the enemy as to the intent of the unit, and  

forces the enemy to react rather than to take the initiative).  

5. Shock effect, which is a psychological advantage achieved by the combining of speed and violence. The special unit strives to apply its full combat  

power at he decisive time and place, and at the point of the greatest enemy weakness.  

6. Multiple methods of insertion and attack, trying not to repeat operations thus decreasing the chance the enemy will detect a pattern. Deception, achieved by feints, false insertions, electronic countermeasures, and dummy transmissions.  

7. Audacity, achieved by a willingness to accept a risk.  

Any special team member has to have experience in sniping, underwater swimming, conducting high-altitude, low-opening parachute operations, demolition, using all kinds of weapons, including man-portable air-defense system weapons. And there are some limitations, like limited capability against armored or motorized units in open terrain and no casualty evacuation capability.  

Use special forces for:  

a) establishing a credible American presence in any part of the world  

b) conducting limited combat operations under conditions of chemical, nuclear  

or biological contamination  

c) surveillance and intelligence gathering using recruited agents too (local citizens who support your war or just work for money). To get to the area you have to use infiltration, the movement into the territory occupied by enemy troops, the contact is avoided.  

d) raids on the enemy’s defense system  

Raids are normally conducted in the following phases: the team inserts or infiltrates into the objective area; the objective area is sealed off from outside support or reinforcement, to include the enemy air threat; any enemy force at or near the objective is overcome by surprise and violent attack, using all available firepower for shock effect; the mission is accomplished quickly before any surviving enemy can recover or be reinforced; the ranger force quickly withdraws from the objective area and is extracted. (The team can land on or near the objective and seize it before the enemy can react. Thus you avoid forced marches over land carrying heavy combat loads. If there is no suitable landing area near the objective, or the enemy has a strong reaction force nearby, the team has to land unseen far from the objective. It then assembles and moves to the objective).  

e) ambush.  

Depending on terrain ambushes are divided into near (less than 50 meters, in jungle or heavy woods) and far (beyond 50 meters, in open terrain).  

Raids consist of clandestine insertion, brief violent combat, rapid disengagement, swift deceptive withdrawal. The raid is used mostly to destroy command posts, communication centers and supply dumps, shipyards, electrical generation facilities, water pumping stations, phone lines, oil or natural gas pipelines, radio and TV stations, mountain passes or routes in restricted terrain, capture supplies and personnel, rescue friendly forces, distract attention from other operations, steal plans and code books, rescue prisoners of war, create havoc in the enemy’s rear areas, blow railroads and bridges. By blowing bridges you block and delay the movement of personnel and supplies and by making railroads and certain routes temporary useless you change enemy’s movement on to a small number of major roads and railway lines where it is more vulnerable to attack by other forces (especially air strikes).  

Stages of an ambush  

1. Planning.  

You have to identify a suitable killing zone (a place where the ambush will be laid). It’s a place where enemy units are expected to pass  

and which gives reasonable cover for the deployment execution and extraction phases of the ambush patrol. Ambush includes 3 main elements: surprise, coordinated fire of all weapons to isolate the killing zone and to inflict maximum damage and control (early warning of target approach, opening fire at the proper time, timely and orderly withdrawal). You can also plan a mechanical ambush, which consists of the mines set in series. Preparation. You have to deploy into the area covertly, preferably at night and establish secure and covert positions overlooking the killing zone. Then you send two or more cut off groups a short distance from the main ambushing group into similarly covert positions they have to give you early warning of approaching enemy by radio and, when the ambush is initiated, to prevent any enemy from escaping. Another group will cover the rear of the ambush position and thus give all-round defense to the ambush patrol. No smoking! Attention: you have to occupy the ambush site as late as possible as this reduces the risk of discovery. (While choosing and ambush site pay attention to natural cover and concealment for your team, routes of entry and withdrawal, good observation and fields of fire, harmless-looking terrain, few enemy escape routes, terrain that will canalize enemy into the killing zone, and natural obstacles to keep him there).  

2. Execution.  

You must give a clear instruction for initiating the ambush. It should be initiated with a mass casualty producing weapon (mortars and machine guns) to produce a maximum shock effect and break the enemy’s spirit to fight back (shock effect can cover unexpected defects in ambush, like ambushing a much larger force that expected). Then, after the firefight has been won, the ambush patrol has to clear the zone by checking bodies for intelligence and taking prisoners. After that you have to leave the area as soon as possible, by a pre-determined route.  

3. Disruption of the government functions: recruitment of informants; terror and murders of political leaders and federal and local government chiefs, provoking strikes and mass disobedience; publishing illegal newspapers and literature; anti-government propaganda through illegal radio stations; involving locals in the guerrilla campaign.  

4. Counter-guerrilla.  

Guerrilla warfare  

Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group use mobile tactics (ambushes, raids, etc) to fight a larger and  

less mobile regular army. THIS IS ABSOLUTELY WRONG – they sabotage the rear! Same mistake Soviet guerrillas did during World War II, though Chechnya is an example.  

Guerrilla tactics are based on intelligence, ambush, deception, sabotage, undermining an authority through long, low-intensity confrontation. A  

guerrilla army may increase the cost of maintaining an occupation above what the foreign power may wish to bear. Against a local regime, the guerrillas may make governance impossible with terror strikes and sabotage, and even combination of forces to depose their local enemies in conventional battle. These tactics are useful in demoralizing an enemy, while raising the morale of the guerrillas. In many cases, a small force holds off a much larger and better equipped army for a long time, as in Russia’s Second Chechen War. Guerrilla operations include attacks on transportation routes, individual groups of police and military, installations and structures, economic enterprises and targeted civilians, politicians included. Attacking in small groups, using camouflage and captured weapons of that enemy, the guerrilla force can constantly keep pressure on its foes and diminish its numbers, while still allowing escape with relatively few casualties. The intention of such attacks is not only military but political, aiming to demoralize target populations or governments, or goading an overreaction that forces the population to take sides for or against the guerrillas. Ambushes on key transportation routes are a hallmark of guerrilla operations, causing both economic and political disruption.  

Whatever the particular tactics used, the guerrillas primarily fight to preserve his forces and political support, not capture or hold specific territory as a conventional force would.  

Guerrilla warfare resembles rebellion, yet it is a different concept. Guerrilla organization ranges from small, local, rebel groups of a few dozen guerrillas, to thousands of fighters, deploying from cells to regiments. In most cases, the leaders have clear political aims for the warfare they wage.  

Typically, the organization has political and military wings, to allow the political leaders a plausible denial for military attacks. Guerrillas operate with a smaller logistical footprint compared to conventional formations. A primary consideration is to avoid dependence on fixed bases and depots which are comparatively easy for conventional units to locate and destroy. Mobility and speed are the keys and wherever possible, the guerrilla must live off the land, or draw support from the civilian population in which he is embedded. Financing of operations ranges from direct individual contributions (voluntary or not), and actual operation of business enterprises by insurgent operatives, to bank robberies, kidnappings and complex financial networks based on kin, ethnic and religious affiliation (such as used by Jihad organizations). Permanent and semi-permanent bases form part of the guerilla logistical structure, usually located in remote areas or in cross-border sanctuaries sheltered by friendly regimes. Guerrilla warfare is often associated with a rural setting (mujahedeen and Taliban in Afghanistan, the Contras of Nicaragua). Guerrillas however successfully operate in urban settings (as in Jerusalem, Israel or Baghdad,  

Iraq). Rural guerrillas prefer to operate in regions providing plenty of cover and concealment, especially heavily forested and mountainous areas. Urban guerrillas blend into the population and are also dependent on a support base among the people.  

Intelligence is very important; collaborators and sympathizers will usually provide a steady flow of information.  

Public sources of information and Internet serve very well, too. Intelligence is concerned also with political factors such as occurrence of an election or the impact of the potential operation on civilian and enemy morale.  

Able to choose the time and place to strike, guerrillas possess the tactical initiative. Many guerrilla strikes are not undertaken unless clear numerical superiority can be achieved in the target area. Individual suicide bomb attacks offer another pattern, involving only one individual bomber and his support team. Whatever approach is, guerrillas hold the initiative and can prolong their survival through varying the intensity of combat. This means that attacks are spread out over quite a range of time, from weeks to years. During interim periods, the guerrilla can rebuild, resupply, train, provide propaganda indoctrination, gather intelligence, infiltrate into army, police, political parties and community organizations,  

Relationships with civil population are influenced by whether the guerrillas operate among a hostile or friendly population. A friendly population is of huge importance to guerrillas, providing shelter, supplies, financing, intelligence and recruits. Popular mass support in a confined local area or country however is not always strictly necessary. Guerrillas can still operate using the protection of a friendly regime, drawing supplies, weapons, intelligence, local security and diplomatic cover. The Al-Qaeda is an example of the latter type, drawing sympathizers and support primarily from the wide-ranging Arab world.  

Foreign support (soldiers, weapons, sanctuary or statements of sympathy for the guerrillas can greatly increase the chances of an insurgent victory. Foreign diplomatic support may bring the guerrilla cause to international attention, putting pressure on local opponents to make concessions, or garnering sympathetic support and material assistance. Foreign sanctuaries can add heavily to guerrilla chances, furnishing weapons, supplies, materials and training bases. Such shelter can benefit from international law, particularly if the sponsoring government is successful in concealing its support and in claiming a plausible denial for attacks by operatives based on its territory. Al-Qaeda, for example, made effective use of remote territories, such as Afghanistan under the Taliban regime, to plan and execute its operations.  

Terror is used by guerrillas to focus international attention on the guerrilla cause, kill opposition leaders, extort money from targets, intimidate the general population, create economic losses, and keep followers and potential defectors in line. Such tactics may backfire and cause the civil population to withdraw its support, or to back countervailing forces against the guerrillas. Such situations occurred in Israel, where suicide bombings encouraged most Israeli opinion to take a harsh stand against Palestinian attackers, including general approval of targeted killings to kill enemy cells and leaders. Civilians may be attacked or killed for alleged collaboration, or as a policy of intimidation and coercion operations are sanctioned by the guerrilla leaders if they see a political benefit. Attacks may be aimed to weaken civilian morale so that support for the guerrilla opponents decreases. The use of attacks against civilians to create atmosphere of chaos ( and thus political advantage where the atmosphere causes foreign occupiers to withdraw or offer concessions), is well established in guerrilla and national liberation struggles.  

Examples of successful guerrilla warfare against a native regime include the Cuban Revolution, Chinese Civil War, Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua. Many coups and rebellions in Africa reflect guerrilla warfare, with various groups having clear political objectives and using the above mentioned tactics (Uganda, Liberia). In Asia, native or local regimes have been overthrown by guerrilla warfare (Vietnam, China, Cambodia). Unsuccessful examples include Portuguese Africa (Angola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau), Malaysia (then Malaya), Bolivia, Argentina and the Philippines. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, fighting for an independent homeland in the north and east of Sri Lanka, achieved significant military successes against the Sri Lankan military and the government itself for twenty years. It was even able to use these tactics effectively against the peace keeping force sent by India.  

Insurgency  

1. Leadership  

Insurgency is not simply random political violence; it is directed and focused political violence. It requires leadership to provide vision, guidance, coordination and organizational coherence. The leaders of the insurgency must make their cause known to people. They must gain popular support, and their key tasks are to break the ties between the people and the government and to establish their movement’s credibility. They must replace the government’s legitimacy with that of their own. Their education, background, family, social connections and experience shape how they think, what they want, and how they fulfill their goals. Leadership is both a function of organization and of personality. Some organizations de-emphasize individual personalities and provide mechanisms for rebundancy and replacement in decision making; these mechanisms produce collective power and do not depend on specific leaders or personalities to be effective. They are easier to penetrate but more resilient to change. Other organizations may depend on a charismatic personality to provide cohesion, motivation, and a rallying point for the movement. Leadership organized in this way can produce decisions and initiate new actions rapidly, nut it is vulnerable to disruption if key personalities are removed or co-opted.  

2. Ideology.  

To win, insurgency must have a program that justifies its actions and explains what is wrong with society. It must promise great improvement after the government is overthrown. Ideology guides the insurgents in offering society a goal. The insurgents often express this goal in simple terms for ease of focus. The insurgent leader can use ideology to justify the use of violence and extralegal action in challenging the current social order, and to form a framework of the program for the future. Ideology identifies those sectors of society which the insurgency targets. Ideology may suggest probable objectives and tactics. It greatly influences the insurgents’perception of his environment. The combination of the insurgents’ ideology and his perception of his environment shapes the movement’s organizational and operational methods.  

3. Objectives.  

The strategic objective is the insurgents’ desired end state and that is how the insurgent will use power once he has it.  

Operational objectives are those which the insurgents pursue as part of the overall process of destroying government legitimacy and progressively establishing their desired end state. The following are examples of operational objectives:  

–isolation of the government from diplomatic and material support, and increased international support for the insurgency  

–destruction of the self-confidence of the government’s leaders, cadre and armed forces, causing them to abdicate or withdraw  

–establishment of civil cervices and administration ion areas under insurgent control  

–capture of the support (or neutrality) of critical segments of the population  

Tactical objectives are the immediate aims of insurgent acts, for example, the dissemination of a psychological operation product or the attack and seizure of a key facility. These actions accomplish tactical objectives which lead to operational goals.  

4. External support.  

There are four types of external support:  

– moral acknowledgement of the insurgent cause as just and admirable  

– political active promotion of the insurgents strategic goals in international forums  

– resources money, weapons, food, advisors, training  

– sanctuary secure training, operational and logistic bases  

5. Organizational and operational patterns.  

a)Subversive.  

Subversive insurgents penetrate the political structure to control it and use it for their own purposes. They seek elective and appointed offices. They  

employ violence selectively to coerce voters, intimidate officials, disrupt and discredit the government. Violence shows the system is incompetent. It  

may also provoke the government to an excessively violent response which further undermines its legitimacy. A subversive insurgency most often appears in a permissive political environment in which insurgents can use both legal and illegal methods. The typical subversive organization consists of a legal party supported by a clandestine element operating outside the law. Subversive insurgencies can quickly shift to the critical-cell pattern  

when conditions dictate. The Nazi rise to power in the 1930s is an example of this model. Subversive insurgencies primarily present a problem for police and counter-intelligence.  

b)Critical-cell.  

In the critical-cell, the insurgents also infiltrate government institutions. Their object is to destroy system from within. The moles operate both covertly and overtly. Normally, the insurgents do not reveal their affiliation or program. They seek to undermine institutional legitimacy and convince or coerce others to assist them. Their violence remains covert until the institutions are so weakened that the insurgency’s superior organization seizes power, supported by armed force. The Russian October, 1917 revolution followed this pattern.  

There are variations of the critical-cell pattern, too. The first is the co-opting of an essentially leaderless, mass popular revolution. The Sandinistas takeover of the Nicaraguan revolution is a case of point. The insurgent leadership permits the popular revolution to destroy the existing government. The insurgent movement then emerges, activating its cells to guide reconstruction under its direction. It provides a disciplined structure to control the former bureaucracy. The mass popular revolution then coalesces around the structure.  

A second variation of the critical-cell pattern is the foco (or Cuban model) insurgency. A foco is a single, armed cell which emerges from hidden strong holds in an atmosphere of disintegrating legitimacy. In theory, this cell is the nucleus around which mass popular support rallies. The insurgents erect new institutions and establish control on the basis of that support. The foco insurgencies are often made up predominantly of guerrilla fighters operating initially from remote enclaves. The Cuban revolution occurred in this manner. The Cuban experience spawned over 200 subsequent imitative revolutionary attempts patterned on it, principally in Latin America and Africa they all failed, but that does not discredit foco theory. It does emphasize the importance of a particular set of circumstances to this model. Legitimacy must be near total collapse, timing is critical. The Nicaraguan insurgency for example, combined the foco with a broad-front political coalition.  

c) Mass oriented.  

The mass-oriented insurgency aims to achieve the political and armed mobilization of a large popular movement. They emphasize creating a political and armed legitimacy outside the existing system. They challenge that system and then destroy or supplant it. These insurgents patiently build a large armed force of regular and irregular guerrillas. They also construct a base of active and passive political supporters. They plan a protracted campaign of increasing violence to destroy the governments and its institutions from the outside. They organize in detail. Their political leadership normally is distinct from their military leadership. Their movement establishes a rival government which openly proclaims its own legitimacy. They have a well-developed ideology and decide on their own objectives only after careful analysis. Highly organized and using propaganda and guerrilla action, they mobilize forces for a direct military and political challenge to the government. Once established, mass-oriented insurgencies are extremely resilient because of their great depth of organization. Examples of this model include the communist revolution in China, the Vietcong insurgency, the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) in Peru.  

d)Traditional.  

The traditional insurgency normally grows from very specific grievances and initially has limited aims. It springs from tribal, radical, religious or other similarly identifiable groups. These insurgents perceive that the government has denied the rights and interests of their group and work to establish or restore them. The frequently seek withdrawal from government control through autonomy or semi-autonomy. They seldom seek specifically to overthrow the government or to control the whole society. They generally respond in kind to government violence. Their use of violence can range from strikes and street demonstrations to terrorism or guerrilla warfare. These insurgencies may cease if the government accedes to the insurgentsdemands. The concessions of insurgents demands, however, are usually so great that the government concedes its legitimacy along with them. Examples of this model include the Mujahideen in Afghanistan, the Ibo revolt in Nigeria (Biafra), the Tami separatists in Sri Lanka.  

No insurgency follows one pattern exclusively.  

Typical missions which guerrillas conduct to accomplish their goals include: destroying or damaging vital installations, equipment or supplies; capturing supplies, equipment, or key governmental or military personnel; diverting government forces from other operations; creating confusion and weakening government morale. Remember: guerrilla is a political war, and asymmetric warfare.  

Guerrillas are not normally organized or equipped for stand-and-fight type defensive operations. They prefer to defend themselves by moving, by dispersing into small groups, or by diverting the opponent’s attention while they withdraw. Whenever possible, these operations are accomplished by offensive operations against the opponent’s flank or rear. One of the most important needs of guerrilla forces is support, which can come from different sources – food can be stolen or supplied by political sympathizers, weapons can be gathered from raids on government installations or provided by a foreign power (as well as secret training and indoctrination).  

Guerrillas strength:  

– highly motivated leadership and simple organization. The basic guerrilla organization is an independent three- to five-men cell. The cells can be brought together for larger operations and dispersed later. Guerrillas are organized into cells for two reasons: first, it’s security, second, it’s for support (guerrillas must live off the land to a large degree, and small cells easier support themselves).  

– strong belief in a political, religious, or social cause (most of them are fanatics)  

– ability to blend with local population and perfect knowledge of environment  

– strong discipline  

– effective intelligence through penetration into the government agencies  

– limited responsibilities (the guerrillas usually don’t have the responsibility to maintain normal governmental obligations toward society)  

– the ability to utilize a broad range of tactics, from terror and sabotage through conventional warfare. They don’t hesitate to use bombings, kidnappings, murders, torture, blackmail to press local authorities or provoke overreaction on the part of the government forces, so that the population will be alienated by the government forces actions (it happens when they target government leaders). In cities guerrillas can disrupt public utilities and services by sabotage and the government may lose control of the situation; they can widely use snipers and explosives there. They can generate widespread disturbances, attack government offices, create incidents or massing crowds in order to lure the government forces into a trap.  

– mobility. Guerrillas usually disperse during their movements and unite near the target area. The most common techniques employed by them are the ambush, raid and small-scale attacks against security posts, small forces, facilities and lines of communication, using mining, booby trapping and sniping. Targets are selected by the guerrilla based on an analysis of how much the elimination of the target will disrupt the government, what the effect on the populace will be, the risk of being killed or captured, and the amount of weapons or supplies which can be used (this analysis calls for timely intelligence, which is gained by active patrolling).  

Guerrilla Weaknesses:  

– mental and physical stress, caused by long periods of isolation in an unstable environment  

– fear of criminal prosecution by the government, or of reprisals against friends and family  

– feeling of numerical and technological inferiority of counter-guerrilla forces  

– limited personnel and resources, and uncertain public base of support  

– security problems about their base camps (they are usually not more than one day march from a village or town). If guerrillas receive support from external sources, they are faced with a problem of security for supply lines, transport means and storage facilities. Besides, you have to know their organization and plans, resources (arms, ammunition, food and medicine supply), leaders and their personalities, lines of communications, relations with civilian population, vulnerabilities. (Again, recruit, recruit and recruit! ). You have to evaluate also the effects of terrain (including landing and pickup zones) and the weather effect on men, weapons, equipment, visibility and mobility.  

Urban guerrilla warfare has its own peculiarities. Cities and towns arevulnerable to urban guerrilla because they are the focus of economic and political power. In many cases, public utilities can be disrupted and the government may appear to have lost control of the situation. The concentration of a large number of people in a relatively small area provides cover for the guerrilla. However, the insurgent may find support only in a certain areas of a town or a city. Anyway, the urban guerrilla lives in a community that is friendly to him or is too frightened to withhold its support or betray him. In a city the snipers and explosive devices can be placed everywhere. The availability of large numbers of people ensures that crowds can be assembled and demonstrations manipulated easily. The presence of women and children restricts counter-guerrilla force reactions, and excessive force may ensure a major incident that provides the guerrilla with propaganda. Publicity is easily achieved in an urban area because no majorincident can be concealed from the local population even if it is not widely reported by the news media. Every explosion may be exploited to discredit the ability of the government to provide protection and control.  

Urban guerrilla tactics:  

– disrupting industry and public services by strikes and sabotage  

– generating widespread disturbances designed to stretch the resources of the counter-guerrilla force  

– creating incidents or massing crowds in order to lure the counter-guerrilla into a trap  

– provoking the counter-guerrilla force in the hope that it may overreact (to provide hostile propaganda after that)  

– fomenting interfactional strife  

– sniping at roadblocks, outposts and sentries  

– attacking buildings with rockets and mortars  

– planting explosive devices, either against specific targets or indiscriminately, to cause confusion and destruction, and to lower public morale  

–ambushing patrols and firing on helicopters  

COUNTER-GUERRILLA WARFARE  

1. Since many insurgents rely on the population for recruits, food, shelter, financing, you must focus your efforts on providing physical and economic  

security for that population and defending it against insurgent attacks and propaganda.  

2. There must be a clear political program that can neutralize the guerrilla program this can range from granting political autonomy to economic development measures in the affected region + an aggressive media campaign.  

3. You have to clean and re-build all levels of the government structure usually insurgents talk about corrupted politicians a lot and that’s why they have support from population.  

4. You don’t have to overreact to guerrilla actions, because this is what they are looking for.  

5. Use big military operations only to break up significant guerrilla concentrations and split them into small groups.  

6. Keep insurgents on run constantly with aggressive patrols, raids, ambushes, sweeps, cordons, roadblocks, prisoner snatches. Intelligence and  

recruitment of informants is the key to success. (KGB in post WWII period used bogus guerrilla groups in Western Ukraine that helped reveal real insurgents).  

7. An ink spot clear and hold strategy must be used to divide the conflict area into sectors and assign priorities between them. Control must  

expand outward like an ink spot on paper, systematically neutralizing and eliminating the insurgents in one sector of the grid, before proceeding to the next. It may be necessary to pursue holding or defensive actions elsewhere, while priority areas are cleared and held.  

8. Mass forces, including village self-defense groups and citizen militias organized for community defense can be useful in providing civic mobilization and local security.  

9. Use special units and hunter-killer patrols.  

10. The limits of foreign assistance must be clearly defined and carefully used. Such aid should be limited either by time, or as to material and technical, and personnel support, or both. While outside aid or even troops can be helpful, lack of clear limits, in terms of either a realistic plan for  

victory or exit strategy, may find the foreign helper taking over the local war, and being sucked into a lengthy commitment, thus providing the guerrillas with valuable propaganda opportunities as the stream of dead foreigners mounts. Such scenario occurred with United States in Vietnam and  

since 2003 in Iraq.  

11. A key factor in guerrilla strategy is a drawn-out, protracted conflict, which wears down the will of the opposing counter-insurgent forces. Democracies are especially vulnerable to the factor of time, but the counter-insurgent force must allow enough time to get the job done.  

Tactical counter-guerrilla operations  

1. Encirclement, which is designed to cut off all ground routes for escape and reinforcement of the encircled force (darkness recommended) combined with combined with air assault, artillery and airborne troops. And it’s good to divide the enemy while encircling.  

Encirclement offers the best chance to fix guerrilla forces in position and achieve decisive results. The battalion and larger units will usually plan and conduct encirclements. The company and smaller units normally do not have the manpower and command and control capability to execute encirclements except as part of a larger force. Encirclements require accurate intelligence on the location of guerrilla elements. Since it requires a major portion of the counterguerrilla force to execute this maneuver, it is usually targeted against large guerrilla forces or guerrilla base complexes, a series of smaller base camps clustered within area. Planning, preparation and execution are aimed at encircling the guerrilla force rapidly. Maximum security and surprise can be gained by occupying the initial encirlclement positions during darkness. In large operations, air assault and airborne troops add speed and surprise to the operation. Positions are occupied simultaneously in order to block escape. If simultaneous occupation is not possible, probable escape routes are covered first. Initial occupation is the most critical period of the operation. When the guerrillas become aware that they are being encircled, they will probably probe for gaps or attack weak points and attempt to break out.  

Encircling units provide strong combat patrols far to their front to give early warning of attempted breakouts. Mobile reserves are positioned to counter a breakout and to reinforce difficult areas such as broken terrain or areas with caves, tunnels or fortification complexes. Indirect fire support can serve to cloak an encirclement by gaining and holding the guerrillas attention. Fires are planned in detail to support the encirclement. Following completion of the encirclement, the circle is contracted to capture or destroy the guerrilla force. AS the circle is contracted, units may be removed from the line and added to the reserve. Against small guerrilla forces, the encircled area may be cleared by contraction and a final sweep. Against larger guerrilla forces, however, at some point, some action other than contraction will be required. One technique consists of driving a wedge through the guerrilla force to divide it and then destroying the guerrillas in each subarea. Another technique, employed after some degree of contraction, is to employ a blocking force on one or more sides of the perimeter while the remainder of the encircling force drives the guerrillas against blocking force. Either element may accomplish the actual destruction.  

The technique is effective when the blocking force can be located on, or immediately in the rear of, a natural terrain obstacle.  

2. Search (of a village), which might be done in different ways:  

– assemble inhabitants in a central location (if they are hostile) and then start the operation  

– restrict inhabitants to their homes or control the heads of households (and take other family members to a central location) and then start the convoy security operation, which is one of your top priorities.  

Think about ambushes and mines on the route all the time and place a strong attack element at the rear of the convoy where it has maximum flexibility in  

moving forward to attack guerrillas attempting to ambush the head or center of the convoy. At the first indication of an ambush vehicles have to move out of the killing zone (do not drive to roadsides or shoulders, which may be mined). A security team immediately returns fire from inside vehicles to cover dismounting personnel (if you have to stop) and then dismounts last under cover of the fire by those who dismounted first. Upon dismounting, personnel caught in a killing zone open fire and immediately assault toward the ambush force. Any movements of the troops and supplies are planned and conducted as tactical operations with effective front, flank and rear security.  

Search techniques in built-up areas are required when you search either a few isolated huts or buildings, or for searching well-developed urban sections.  

Procedure :  

a) divide the area to be searched into zones, and assign a search party to each. A search party consists of a search element (to conduct the search), a security element (to encircle the area and prevent entrance and exit, and to secure open areas), and a reserve element (to assist, as required). Then the search element conducts the mission assigned for the operation. Normally it is organized into special teams. The security element surrounds the area while the search element moves in. Members of the security element orient primarily upon evaders from the populated area; however, they can cut off any insurgents trying to reinforce. Checkpoints and roadblocks are established. Subsurface routes of escape, such as subways and sewers, must be considered when operating in cities. The reserve element is a mobile force within a nearby area. Its specific mission is to assist the other two elements should they meetresistance they cannot handler. In addition, it is capable of replacing or reinforcing either of the other two elements should the need arise.  

b)consider any enemy material found, including propaganda signs and leaflets, to be booby-trapped until inspection proves it is safe.  

c) thoroughly search underground and underwater areas. Any freshly excavated ground can be a hiding place. Use mine detectors to locate metal objects underground and underwater.  

d) deploy rapidly, especially when a guerrilla force is still in the area to be searched. The entire area to be searched is surrounded simultaneously. If this is not possible, observed fire must cover that portion not covered by soldiers.  

3. Ambush.  

An ambush is a surprise attack from a concealed position upon a moving or temporary halted target. Ambushes give the counter-guerrilla force several advantages:  

a) an ambush does not require ground to be seized or held  

b) smaller forces with limited weapons and equipment can harass or destroy larger, better armed forces  

c) guerrillas can be forced to engage in decisive combat at unfavorable times and places  

d) guerrillas can be denied freedom of movement and deprived of weapons and equipment that are difficult to replace.  

Well-planned and well-executed ambushes is the most successful operational technique employed against guerrillas. It is an effective technique to interdict movement guerrilla forces within an area. Selection of the site is a key step in developing a well-organized ambush.  

Ambushes are executed to reduce the guerrillas overall combat effectiveness. Destruction is the primary purpose of an ambush since guerrillas killed or captured, and equipment and supplies destroyed or captured, critically affect the guerrilla force. Harassment, the secondary purpose, diverts guerrillas from other missions. A series of successful ambushes causes the guerrilla force to be less aggressive and more defensive, to be apprehensive and overly cautious, and to be reluctant to go on patrols and move in convoys or in small groups.  

There are three types of ambushes.  

A point ambush involves patrol elements deployed to support the attack of a single killing zone. An area ambush involves patrol elements deployed as multiple, related, point ambushes. An ambush is categorized as either hasty or deliberate.  

A hasty ambush is an immediate action drill, an action of a combat patrol with little or no information. When information does not permit detailed planning required for a deliberate ambush, a hasty ambush is planned. In this case, ambush patrol plans and prepares to attack the first suitable guerrilla force. A deliberate ambush is planned as a specific action against a specific target. Detailed information of the guerrilla force is required: size, nature, organization, armament, equipment, route and direction of movement, and time the force will reach or pass certain points on its route. Deliberate ambushes are planned when reliable information is received on the intended movement of a specific force; patrols, convoys, carrying parties or similar forces establish patterns of size, time and movement sufficient to permit detailed planning for the ambush.  

Basic elements of an ambush are:  

1. Surprise. It has to be achieved or else the attack is not an ambush. Surprise, which distinguishes an ambush from other forms of attack, allows  

the ambush force to seize and retain control of the situation. Surprise is achieved by careful planning, preparation and execution. Guerrillas are attacked in a manner they least expect.  

2. Coordinated fires. All weapons, including mines and demolitions, are positioned, and all direct and indirect fires are coordinated to achieve  

isolation of the kill zone to prevent escape or reinforcement; surprise delivery of a large volume of concentrated fires into the kill zone to inflict maximum damage so the target can be assaulted and destroyed.  

3. Control. Close control is maintained during movement to, occupation of, and withdrawal from the ambush site. The ambush commander’s control of all  

elements is critical at the time of target approach. Control measures provide for early warning of target approach, withholding fire until the target moves into the kill zone, opening fire a the proper time, initiating appropriate actions if the ambush is prematurely detected, lifting or shifting supporting fires when the ambush includes assault of the target, timely and orderly withdrawal to an easily recognized rallying point.  

Planning  

Planning provides for simplicity, type of ambush and deployment. The attack may be by fire only (harassing ambush) or may include assault of the target (destruction ambush). The force is tailored for its mission. Two men may be adequate for a harassing ambush. A destruction ambush may require the entire unit (squad, platoon, company).  

An ambush patrol is organized in the same manner as other combat patrols to include headquarters, an assault element, a support element and a security element. The assault and support are the attack force; the security element is the security force. When appropriate, the attack force is further organized to provide a reserve force. When an ambush site is to be occupied for an extended period, double ambush forces may be organized. One ambush force occupies the site while the other rests, eats and tends to personal needs at the objective rallying point or other concealed location. They alternate after a given time, which is usually 8 hours. If the waiting period is over 24 hours, three ambush forces may be organized.  

The selection of equipment and supplies needed is based on the mission, size of guerrilla force, means of transportation, distance and terrain, weight and bulk of equipment. A primary route is planned which allows the unit to enter the ambush site from the rear. The kill zone is not entered if entry can be avoided. If the kill zone must be entered to place mines or explosives, care is taken to remove any tracks or signs that might alert the guerrillas and compromise the ambush. If mines, mantraps or explosives are to be placed on the far side, or if the appearance of the site might cause the guerrillas to check it, then a wide detour around the killing zone is made. Here, too, care is taken to remove any traces which might reveal the ambush.  

Also, an alternate route from the ambush site is planned.  

Maps and aerial photos are used to analyze the terrain. As far as possible, so-called ideal ambush sites are avoided. Alert guerrillas are suspicious of these areas, avoid them and increase vigilance and security when they must be entered. Considering this, an ambush site must provide fields of fire, concealed positions, canalization of the guerrillas into the killing zone, covered routes of withdrawal ( to enable the ambush force to break contact and avoid pursuit), no-exit route for the guerrilla force.  

Ambush force, as a rule occupies the ambush site at the latest possible time permitted by the tactical situation and the amount of site preparation required. This not only reduces the risk of discovery but also reduces the time that soldiers must remain still and quiet in position.  

The unit moves into the ambush site from the rear. Security elements are positioned first to prevent surprise while the ambush is being established.  

Automatic weapons are then positioned so that each can fire along the entire killing zone. If this is not possible, they are given overlapping sectors of  

fire so the entire killing zone is covered. The unit leader then selects his position, located where he can see when to initiate the ambush. Claymore mines, explosives and grenade launchers may be used to cover any dead space left by the automatic weapons. All weapons are assigned sectors of fire to provide mutual support. The unit leader sets a time by which positions are to be prepared. The degree of preparation depends on the time allowed. All men work at top speed during the allotted time. Camouflage is very important each soldier must be hidden from the target and each one has to secure his equipment to prevent noise. At the ambush site, positions are prepared with minimal change in the natural appearance of the site. All debris resulting from preparation of positions is concealed. Movement is kept to a minimum and the number of men moving at a time is closely controlled. Light discipline is rigidly enforced at night.  

Point ambush  

A point ambush, whether independent or part of an area ambush, is positioned along the expected route of approach of the guerrilla force.  

Formation is important because, to a great extent, it determines whether a point ambush can deliver the heavy volume of highly concentrated fire necessary to isolate, trap and destroy the guerrillas. The formation to be used is determined by carefully considering possible formations and theadvantages and disadvantages of each in relation to terrain, conditions of visibility, forces, weapons and equipment ease or difficulty of control, force to be attacked and overall combat situation.  

1. Line formation.  

The attack element is deployed generally parallel to the guerrilla forces route of movement (road, trail, stream). This positions the attack element parallel to the long axis of the killing zone and subjects the guerrilla force to heavy flanking fire. The size of the force that can be trapped in the killing zone is limited by the area which the attack element can effectively cover with highly concentrated fire. The force is trapped in the killing zone by natural obstacles, mines, demolitions, and direct and indirect fires. A disadvantage of the line formation is the chance that lateral dispersion of the force may be too big for effective coverage. The line formation is appropriate in close terrain that restricts guerrilla maneuver and in open terrain where one flank is restricted by mines, demolitions or mantraps. Similar obstacles can be placed between the attack element and the killing zone to provide protection from guerrilla counter-ambush measures. When a destruction ambush is deployed in this manner, access lanes are left so that the force in the killing zone can be assaulted. The line formation can be effectively used by a rise from the ground ambush in terrain seemingly unsuitable for ambush. An advantage of the line formation is its relative ease of control under all conditions of visibility.  

2. L-formation.  

The L-formation is a variation of the line formation. The long side of the attack element is parallel to the killing zone and delivers flanking fire.  

The short side of the attack element is at the end of, and at right angles to, the killing zone and delivers enfilading fire that interlocks with fire from the other leg. This formation is flexible. It can be established on a straight stretch of a trail or stream or at a sharp bend in a trail or  

stream. When appropriate, fire from the short leg can be shifted to parallel the long leg if the guerrilla force attempts to assault or escape in the opposite direction. In addition, the short leg prevents escape in that direction or reinforcement from that direction.  

3. Z-formation.  

The Z-shaped formation is another variation of the L-formation. The attack force is deployed as in the L-formation but with an additional side so that the formation resembles the letter Z. The additional side may serve to engage a force attempting to relieve or reinforce the guerrillas, restrict a flank, prevent envelopment (of the ambush force), seal the end of the killing zone.  

4. T-formation.  

The attack element is deployed across, and at right angles to, the route of movement of the hostile force so that the attack element and the target form  

the letter T. This formation can be used day or night to establish a purely harassing ambush, and at night to establish an ambush to interdict movement through open, hard-to-seal areas (such as rice paddies). A small unit can use the T-formation to harass, slow and disorganize a larger force. When the lead guerrilla elements are engaged, they will normally attempt to maneuver right or left to close with the ambush force. Mines, mantraps and other obstacles  

placed to the flanks of the killing zone slow the guerrillas movement and permit the unit to deliver heavy fire and then withdraw without becoming decisively engaged. The T-formation can be used to interdict small groups attempting night movement across open areas. For example, the attack element may be deployed along a rice paddy dike with every second member facing in the opposite direction. The attack of a force approaching from either direction requires only that every second member shift to the opposite side of the dike. Each member fires only to his front and only when the target is at a close range. Attack is by fire only, and each member keeps the guerrilla force under fire as long as it remains to his front. If the force attempts to  

escape in either direction along the dike, each member takes it under fire as it comes into his vicinity. The T-formation is effective at halting infiltration. It has one chief disadvantage: there is a possibility that while spread out the ambush will engage a superior force. Use of this formation must, therefore, fit the local enemy situation.  

5. V-formation.  

The V-shaped attack element is deployed along both sides of the guerrilla route of movement so that it forms a V. Care is taken to ensure that neither group (or leg) fires into the other. This formation subjects the guerrilla to both enfilading and interlocking fire. The V-formation is suited for fairly open terrain but can also be used in the jungle. When established in the jungle, the legs of the V close in as the lead elements of the guerrilla force approach the apex of the V, elements then open fire from close range. Here, even more than in open terrain, all movement and fire is carefully coordinated and controlled to ensure that the fire of one leg does not endanger the other. Wider separation of the elements makes this formation difficult to control, and there are fewer sites that favor its use. Its main advantage is that it is difficult for the guerrilla to detect the ambush until well into the killing zone.  

6. Triangle formation.  

Closed triangle. The attack element is deployed in 3 groups, positioned so they form a triangle (or closed V). An automatic weapon is placed at each  

point of the triangle and positioned so that it can be shifted quickly to interlock with either of the others. Elements are positioned so that their fields of fire overlap. Mortars may be positioned inside the triangle. When deployed in this manner, the triangle ambush becomes a small unit strongpoint which is used to interdict night movement through open areas, when guerrilla approach is likely to be from any direction. The formation provides all-round security, and security elements are deployed only when they can be positioned so that, if detected by an approaching target, they will not compromise the ambush. Attack is by fire only, and the target is allowed to approach within close range before the ambush force opens fire. Advantages include ease of control, all-round security, and guerrillas approaching from any direction can be fired on by at least two automatic weapons. Disadvantages include the requirement for an ambush force of platoon size or larger to reduce the danger of being overturn by a guerrilla force; one or more legs of the triangle may come under guerrilla enfilade fire; and lack of dispersion, particularly at the points, increases danger from guerrilla mortar fire.  

Open triangle (harassing ambush).  

This variation of the triangle ambush is designed to enable a small unit to harass, slow, and inflict heavy casualties upon a larger force without being decisively engaged. The attack group is deployed in 3 elements, positioned so that each element becomes a corner of a triangle containing the killing zone. When the guerrillas enter the killing zone, the element to the guerrillas front opens fire on the lead guerrillas. When the guerrillas counterattack, the element withdraws and an assault element to the flank opens fire. When this group is attacked, the element to the opposite flank opens fire. This process is repeated until the guerrillas are pulled apart. Each element reoccupies its position, if possible, and continues to inflict maximum damage without becoming decisively engaged.  

Open triangle (destruction ambush).  

The attack group is again deployed in 3 elements, positioned so that each element is a point of the triangle, 200 to 300 meters apart. The killing zone is the area within the triangle. The guerrillas are allowed to enter the killing zone; the nearest element attacks by fire. As the guerrillas attempt to maneuver or withdraw, the other elements open fire. One or more assault elements, as directed, assault or  

maneuver to envelop or destroy the guerrillas. As a destruction ambush, this formation is suitable for platoon-size or larger units; a unit smaller than a platoon would be in danger of being overrun. Also, control in assaulting or maneuvering is difficult. Close coordination and control are necessary to ensure that assaulting or maneuvering elements are not fired by another party; and the ambush site must be a fairly level, open area that provides (around its border) concealment for the ambush elements (unless it is a rise from the ground ambush).  

7. Box formation.  

This formation is similar in purpose to the open triangle ambush. The unit is deployed in 4 elements positioned so that each element becomes a corner of a square or rectangle containing the killing zone. It can be used as a harassing ambush or a destruction ambush in the same manner as the two variations of the open triangle ambush.  

Area ambush  

Killing zone. A point ambush is established at a site having several trails or other escape routes leading away from it. The site may be a water hole, guerrilla campsite, or known rendezvous point, or a frequently traveled trail. This site is the central killing zone.  

Area ambush multiple point.  

Point ambushes are established along the trails or other escape routes leading away from the central killing zone. The guerrilla force, whether a single group or several parties approaching from different directions, is permitted to move to the central killing zone. Outlying ambushes do not attack (unless discovered). The ambush is initiated when the guerrillas move into the central killing zone. When the guerrillas break contact and attempt to disperse, escaping portions are intercepted and destroyed by the outlying ambushes. The multiple point ambush increases casualties and harassment and produces confusion.  

This version of the area ambush is best suited in terrain where movement is largely restricted to trails. It provides best results when established as a deliberate ambush. When there is not sufficient intelligence for a deliberate ambush, an area ambush of opportunity (hasty ambush) may be established. The outlying ambushes are permitted to attack guerrillas approaching the central killing zone, if the guerrilla force is small. If it is too large for the particular outlying ambush, the guerrillas are allowed to continue and they are attacked in the central killing zone.  

Area ambush: baited trap.  

A variation of the area ambush. A central killing zone is established along the guerrillas route of approach. Point ambushes are established along the routes over which units relieving or reinforcing the guerrilla will have to approach. The guerrilla force in the central killing zone serves as a bait to lure relieving or reinforcing guerrilla units into the kill zones of the outlying ambushes. A friendly force can also be used as the bait. The outlying point ambushes need not be strong enough to destroy their targets. They may be small harassing ambushes that delay, disorganize and cause casualties by successive contacts.  

This version can be varied by using a fixed installation as bait to lure relieving or reinforcing guerrilla units into the killing zone to overcome the installation or may use it as a ruse. These variations are best suited for situations where routes of approach for relieving or reinforcing guerrilla units are limited to those favorable for ambush.  

Unusual ambush techniques  

Spider hole ambush.  

This point ambush is designed for open areas that lack cover and concealment and other features normally desirable in a good ambush site. The attack element is deployed in the formation best suited to the overall situation. The attack element is concealed in the spider hole type of covered foxhole. Soil is carefully removed and positions camouflaged. When the ambush is initiated, the attack element members throw back the covers and rise from the ground to attack. This ambush takes advantage of the tendency of patrols and other units, to relax in areas that do not appear to favor ambush. The chief advantage is that the ambush element is vulnerable if detected prematurely.  

Demolition ambush.  

Dual primed, electrically detonated mines or demolition charges are planted in the area over which a guerrilla force is expected to pass. This may be a portion of as road or trail, an open field, or any area that can be observed from a distance. Activating wires are run to a concealed observation point sufficiently distant to ensure safety of the ambush element. As large a force as desired or necessary can be used to mine the area. The ambush element remains to fire the charges, other personnel return to the unit. When a guerrilla force enters the mined area (killing zone), the element on site detonates the explosives and withdraws immediately to avoid detection and pursuit.  

Special ambush situation.  

Attacks against columns protected by armored vehicles depend on the type and location of armored vehicles in a column, and the weapons of the ambush force. If possible, armored vehicles are destroyed or disabled by fire or antitank weapons, landmines and Molotov cocktails, or by throwing hand grenades into open hatches. An effort is made to immobilize armored vehicles at a point where they are unable to give protection to the rest of the convoy and where they will block the route of other supporting vehicles. In alternate bounds, all except the first two vehicles keep their relative places in the column. The first two vehicles alternate as lead vehicles on each bound. Each covers the bound of the other. This method  

provides more rapid advance than movement by successive bounds but is less secure it doers not allow soldiers in the second vehicle enough time to thoroughly observe the terrain to the front before passing the first vehicle. Security is obtained by the vehicle commander who assigns each soldier a direction of observation: to the front, flank(s) or rear. This provides each vehicle with some security against surprise fire from every direction and provides visual contact with vehicles to the front and rear. For maximum observation, all canvas is removed from the vehicles.  

Action at danger areas.  

The commander of the leading vehicle immediately notifies the unit leader when he encounters an obstacle or other danger area.  

Designated soldiers reconnoiter these places under cover of the weapons in the vehicle. Obstacles are bypassed, if possible. When they cannot be bypassed, they are cautiously removed. Side roads intersecting the route of advance are investigated. Soldiers from one vehicle secure the road junction; one or two vehicles investigate the side road. The amount of reconnaissance of side roads is determined by the patrol leaders knowledge of the situation. Men investigating side roads do not, however, move past supporting distance of the main body of the patrol. Bridges, road junctions, defiles and curves (that deny observation beyond the turn) are danger areas. Soldiers dismount and take advantage of available cover and concealment to investigate these areas. The vehicle is moved off the road into a covered or concealed position; weapons from the vehicle cover the advance of the investigating personnel.  

Ambush during darkness is difficult to control, bur darkness increases the security of the ambush party and the confusion of those being ambushed.  

4. Roadblocks and checkpoints.  

Element of the checkpoint force has to be positioned and concealed at appropriate distance from the checkpoint to prevent the escape of any vehicle or person attempting to turn back.  

It’s necessary to maintain a continuous check on road movement to apprehend suspects and to prevent smuggling of controlled items. Since checkpoints cause considerable inconvenience and even fear, it’s important that the civil population understands that checkpoints are a preventive and not a punitive measure. Checkpoints may be deliberate or hasty. The deliberate checkpoint is positioned in a town or in the open country, often on a main road. It acts as a useful deterrent to unlawful movement. The hasty checkpoint is highly mobile and is quickly positioned in a town or in the open country. The actual location of the hasty checkpoint is designed to achieve quick success.  

Concealment of a checkpoint is desirable, but often impossible. The location should make it difficult for a person to turn back or reverse a vehicle without being observed. Culverts, bridges or deep cuts may be suitable locations. Positions beyond sharp curves have the advantage that drivers do not see the checkpoint in sufficient time to avoid inspection. Safety disadvantages may outweight the advantages of such positions. A scarcity of good roads increases the effect of a well-placed checkpoint. A checkpoint requires adequate troops to prevent ambush and surprise by a guerrilla force.  

5. Patrols.  

Used to saturate areas of suspected guerrilla activity, control critical roads, maintain contact between villages and units, interdict guerrilla routes of supply and communication, provide internal security in rural and urban areas, locate guerrilla units and base camps. A patrol is a  

detachment sent out by a larger unit to conduct a combat or reconnaissance operation. Patrolling is used when limited (or no) intelligence on guerrilla activity is available. Routes are planned carefully and coordinated with higher, lower and adjacent units, to include air and ground fire support elements and reserve forces. There are three key principles to successful patrolling: detailed planning, thorough reconnaissance, all-round security.  

It often happens that the patrol has to break the contact with a larger enemy (to break contact use the clock system. the direction the patrol moves is  

always 12 o’clock. When contact is made, the leader shouts a direction and distance to move (such as 7 o’clock, 400 meters. The leader can also use the system to shift or direct fire at a certain location).  

Saturation patrolling is extremely effective patrols are conducted by many lightly armed, small, fast-moving units and provide thorough area coverage. Patrols move over planned and coordinated routes which are engaged frequently to avoid establishing patterns. Use of saturation patrolling results in the sustained denial of an area to guerrilla forces as they seek to avoid contact with the counter-guerrilla units. In addition to harassment and discovery of guerrilla tactical forces, this technique provides an opportunity to gain an intimate knowledge of the area of operations; a form of reassurance to the local population that the government is concerned about their protection and security; a means by which information about the guerrilla can be obtained.  

Watch out: guerillas usually try to cut the lines of communications by mining roads, waterways and railways, or by ambushes located adjacent to them, blow up bridges and tunnels.  

Tracking  

Footprints. You can read the following by footprints:  

– the direction and rate of movement of a party  

– the number of persons in a party  

– whether or not heavy loads are carried  

– the sex of the members of the party  

– whether the members of a party know they are being followed  

If the footprints are deep and the pace is long, the party is moving rapidly. Very long strides and deep prints, with toe prints deeper than heel prints, indicate the party is running. If the prints are deep, short and widely spaced, with signs of scuffing or shuffling, a heavy load is probably being carried by the parson who left the prints. You can also determine a person’s sex by studying the size and position of the footprints. Women generally tend to be pigeon-toed, while men usually walk with their feet pointed straight ahead or slightly to the outside. Womens’ prints are usually smaller than mens’, and their strides usually shorter. If a party knows it is being followed, it may attempt to hide its tracks. Persons walking backward have a short, irregular stride. The prints have and unusually deep toe. The soil will be kicked in the direction of movement. The last person in a group usually leaves the clearest footprints. Therefore, use his prints as the key set.  

Use the box method to count the number of persons in the group. Up to 18 persons can be counted. Use it when the key prints can be determined. To use this method, identify a key print on a trail and draw line from its heel across the trail. Then move forward to the key print of the opposite foot and draw a line through its instep. This should form a box with the edges of the trail forming two sides, and the drawn lines forming the other two sides.  

Next, count every print of partial print inside the box to determine the number of persons. Any person walking normally would have stepped in the box  

at least one time. Count the key prints as one. Also, you can track paying attention to such things as foliage, moss, vines, sticks or rocks moved from their original places; stones and sticks that are turned over; grass that is bent or broken in the direction of movement.  

Staining.  

A good example of staining is the mark left by blood from a bleeding wound. You can determine the location of a wound on a man being followed by studying the bloodstains. If the blood seems to be dripping steadily, it probably came from a wound on his trunk. A wound in the lungs will deposit bloodstains that are pink, bubbly, frothy. A bloodstain deposited from a head wound will appear heavy, wet and slimy, like gelatin. Abdominal wounds often mix blood with digestive juices so that the deposit will have an odor, and the stains will be light in color. Water in footprints in swampy ground may be muddy if the tracks are recent. In time, however, the mud will settle and the water is clear. The clarity of the water can be used to estimate the age of the prints. Normally, the mud will clear in 1 hour, but that will vary with terrain. If a party knows that you are tracking it, it will probably use camouflage to conceal its movements and to slow and confuse you. Remember: a well-defined approach that leads to the enemy will probably be mined, ambushed or covered by snipers.  

6. Aerial search.  

This technique has little value in areas of dense vegetation. Use of search units mounted in armed helicopters should be limited to those operations in which sufficient intelligence exists to justify their use and then normally in conjunction with ground operations. In ground search operations, helicopters drop off troops in an area suspected of containing guerrillas. With the helicopters overmatching from the air, troops search the area. Troops are then picked up and the process is repeated in other areas.  

7. Raid.  

It is an operation involving a swift penetration of hostile territory to secure information, harass the guerrilla or destroy the guerrilla force  

and its installation. Raids are usually targeted against single, isolated guerrilla base camps. To assist in attaining surprise, the raiding force uses inclement weather, limited visibility, or terrain normally considered impassable. If night airborne or air assault raids are conducted, the force must be accurately inserted and oriented on the ground. Air assault forces supported by armed helicopters offer infinite possibilities for conducting raids. This type of force can move in, strike the objective and withdraw without extensive preparation or support from other sources.  

8. Crowd dispersal.  

9. Assassination of the guerrilla leader.  

10. Taking hostages to press guerrillas.  

11. Organization of false guerrilla units.  

Meanwhile the enemy will attempt to engage you in locations where your fire would endanger civilians or damage their property. You have to match the size of the guerrilla unit. Employing a large force to counter a smaller one is inefficient because it compromises the chance of achieving surprise.  

Psychological Operations  

Psychological operations (PSYOP) in foreign internal defense include propaganda and other measures to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of hostile, neutral, or friendly groups to support the achievement of national objectives. There are 5 major target groups for PSYOP:  

1. Insurgents.  

The major PSYOP objective here is to discredit the insurgents and isolate them from he population. The most important direction of attack  

is against their morale. Themes should publicize and exploit differences between cadre, recruits, supporters, and the local population. Other themes might stress lack of support, isolation, homesickness, and hardship. Amnesty programs are often useful in neutralizing insurgents, and they are most effective when they are well publicized, directed against lower ranking members of the insurgency, and offer sufficient reason and benefits for quitting the unit. These programs do, however, have several disadvantages: they recognize the insurgents as a legitimate political force, they forgo punishment of anyone accepting amnesty, and they increase the image of the insurgents threat.  

2. The population supporting the insurgents.  

You have to achieve withdrawal of support for the insurgents and a total defection. Propaganda should highlight the insurgents shortcomings, ultimate government victory, government successes, and the practical advantages of surrendering or of accepting amnesty. Sometimes, displays of military might are used; invading forces may assemble and parade through the streets of conquered towns, attempting to demonstrate the futility of any further fighting. Thesedisplays may also include public executions of enemy soldiers, resistance fighters, and other conspirators. Particularly in antiquity, the death or imprisonment of a popular leader was sometimes enough to bring about a quick surrender. However, this has often had the unintended effect of creating martyrs around which popular resistance can rally.  

3. The uncommitted population.  

The major mission here is to build national morale, unity, and confidence in the government. There should also be a major  

effort to win popular acceptance of the government force, and convince the people that government programs serve their interests, the government forces  

can protect them, ultimate government victory is assured. This may be accomplished through re-education, allowing conquered citizens to participate in their government, or, especially in impoverished or besieged areas, simply by providing food, water and shelter.  

4. Government personnel.  

When targeting government personnel, seek to maintain loyalties and develop policies and attitudes which will result in  

group members who will realize the importance of popular support, promote public welfare and justice, take action to eliminate the basic causes of the  

subversive insurgency, and protect the population. You have to indoctrinate the host country security and military forces regarding the importance of the civilian population support. When government personnel interact with neutral and non-hostile elements of the population, the emphasis should be positive  

and constructive.  

5. Foreign audiences. There are two major groups to be addressed: neutral nations and hostile nations. For neutral nations, the purpose of  

psychological operations is to achieve friendly neutrality or active support for your side. For hostile powers, the major objective of these operations is  

to influence public opinion against involvement in supporting the insurgency. Besides, you have to use psychological operations to establish and maintain a  

favorable image of our country. The themes most useful in establishing that image are that the US presence is requested by the host country government, it is legal and necessary, it is temporary, and it is advisory. Intelligence operations are facilitated by employing psychological operation media to inform the people that they should report to the proper authority information  

pertaining to strangers, suspicious persons, and guerrilla activities. Posters and leaflets provide definite instruction as to persons and places that are available to receive the information (indicate what rewards are available).  

Vietnam experience  

The Viet Cong used hit and run attacks involving a small group, usually hiding in ambush and attacking a larger force, only to retreat  

seconds later. This reduced the advantages of the conventional forces advanced weapon systems. It gave an ambushed squad no time to call in artillery or air strike. Booby traps ( like simple spikes, incorporated into various types of traps, for example, in camouflaged pit into which a man might fall) were another common tactic among guerrillas. Grenade traps (poised with the pin removed) were also used. Moving them would take the pressure off the lever, causing the grenades to explode. Camouflage was very important, and fighters travelled in small groups, often wearing civilian clothes to make it difficult for American soldiers to know who they were.  

Often, they would in tunnels underground. Tunnels and spider holes were often used to spring ambushes on American troops. The Vietcong would wait for part of American formation to pass before coming out of the ground and opening fire. Before the Americans had a chance to realize where the fire  

came from, the Vietcong would duck back into the trenches. This often caused fratricide (friendly fire incident) because soldiers who were ambushed would  

fire back behind them, hitting other American patrols. American troops, usually assigned to Vietnam for a one-year tour of duty, found themselves  

ill-trained to wage a war against a mostly invisible enemy.  

Afghanistan experience  

When the Stinger missile was introduced to Mujahideen, they began to ambush Soviet helicopters and fixed wing aircraft at airfields. The Stinger was  

effective only up to 15, 000 feet (4, 600 m), so Mujahideen would attack aircraft as they were landing or taking off. Soviets modified their tactics:  

helicopters stayed over friendly forces, fixed wing aircraft began flying higher, and armor and electronic defense systems were added to aircraft to help protectthem from Stinger. Also, Spetsnaz ( Special Forces) were used extensively. They would be flown into areas where Mujahideen often passed,  

had been seen or were ambushing someone. Tanks and aircraft were of comparatively little use. The only technology with a significant impact on  

Mujahideen were land mines and helicopters. As the Soviets got stalled, they began punishing the local population for supporting Mujahideen. It was not  

uncommon for Soviet helicopters to raze an Afghan village in retaliation for an attack against Soviet soldiers. They also dropped mines from aircraft in  

fields and pastures and shot livestock with machineguns. Another common tactic was to cordon off and search villages for Mujahideen.  

Chechnya (Russia) experience  

The conflict between Russia and Chechen terrorists has been mostly a guerilla war. Most fighting was done with the support of armored vehicles,  

artillery and aircraft, rather than infantry. Russian soldiers were not prepared for urban warfare in Grozny (the capital of Chechnya). Terrorists would hide on the top floors and basements of buildings armed with small arms and anti-tank weapons. The Russians came in with convoys of armored vehicles which were unprepared for the tactics the terrorists would use. Chechenambush tactics were planned, and involved destroying the first and the last vehicle (armored personnel carrier or a tank) in the column. This was done by either rocket propelled grenade (RPG) or improvised explosive device. If the initial attack was successful, the rest of the convoy would be trapped in between. Later Russians used artillery and airstrikes more extensively.  

Terrorists changed their urban combat tactics and used fire-teams of three fighters : a machine gunner, a sniper and a fighter armed with rocket propelled grenade. As a result, a very small and mobile fire-team could meet any potential sizable threat with great effectiveness. Chechen snipers used to wound Russian soldiers and pick off their rescuers. They also shot off antennas from the moving armored personnel carriers since this was often the only means of communication with the command center, the troops inside would end up isolated and attacked with RPG or by the sniper as they tried to repair the antenna. As Russia controlled more area, ambushes gave place to roadside bombings, and these usually involved modified mines and improvised explosive devices.  

U. S. – Iraq war experience  

Suicide bombers attack American soldiers at checkpoints, on patrols, on their bases and in convoys. Iraqis used the same tactics Chechen terrorists  

used against convoys.  

TERRORISM AND COUNTERTERRORISM  

By Mikhail Kryzhanovsky  

Terrorism is the unlawful use of violence (t e r r o r) against people or property to coerce or intimidate governments or societies, often to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives. It’s also a form of unconventional and psychological warfare. The common strategy of terrorists is to commit acts of violence. Each act of terrorism is a violent act, devised to have a big national or international impact. Terrorism is a political tactic. “Red” terror is aimed against certain politicians; “black” refers more to mass murders. The two can be mixed.  

Purposes: to scare the nation, neutralize the government and show its inability to rule the country; to make the government admit that terror organization is a real political power; to draw media and public (international) attention to a certain political problem, to provoke the government to use military force and start civil war; to prove some political or religious ideology; prevent or delay important political decisions or legislation; discourage foreign investments or foreign government assistance programs; change the government through revolution or civil war.  

Types of terrorism.  

Civil disorders.  

Political terrorism – violent acts designed primarily to generate fear in the nation for political purposes. Civil disorders are very effective here..  

Non-political terrorism – terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but which exhibits conscious design to create and maintain high degree of fear for coercive purposes..  

Official or state terrorism – referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions.  

Terrorist objectives.  

1. Recognition  

Groups seeking recognition require events that have high probability of attracting media attention. Specific incidents may be suicide bombing in public place (e. g. a green market), hijacking of an aircraft, the kidnapping of a politician or other prominent person, the seizing of occupied buildings (schools, hospitals) or other hostage barricade situations. Once they gain attention, the terrorists may demand that political statement be disseminated. Terrorist groups sometimes use organizational names or labels designed to imply legitimacy or widespread support. For example, a tiny isolated group may use “front”, “army”, or “brigade” in its name to achieve this effect.  

2. Coercion.  

Coercion is the attempt to force a desired behavior by individuals, groups, or governments. This objective calls for a strategy of a very selective targeting which rely on publicly announced bombings, destruction of property and other acts which are initially less violent than the taking of human life. Contemporary examples include the bombing of corporate headquarters and banking facilities with little or no loss of life.  

3. Intimidation.  

Intimidation attempts to prevent individuals or groups from acting: coercion attempts to force actions. Terrorists may use intimidation to reduce the effectiveness of security forces by making them afraid to act. Intimidation can discourage competent citizens from seeking or accepting positions within the government. The threat of violence can also keep the general public from taking part in important political activities such as voting. As in the case of coercion, terrorists use a strategy of selective targeting although they may intend the targets to look as though they were chosen indiscriminately.  

4. Provocation.  

Provoking overreaction on the part of government forces. The strategy normally calls for attacking targets symbolic of the government ( for example, the police, the military, and other officials). Attacks of this type demonstrate vulnerability to terrorist acts and contribute to a loss of confidence in the government’s ability to provide security. More important, if the security forces resort to a heavy-handed response, the resulting oppression can create public sympathy, passive acceptance, or active support for an insurgent or terrorist group.  

5. Insurgency support.  

Terrorism in support of an insurgency is likely to include provocation, intimidation, coercion and the quest for recognition.. Terrorism can also aid an insurgency by causing the government to overextend itself in attempting to protect all possible targets. Other uses of terrorist skills in insurgencies include acquiring funds, coercing recruits, obtaining logistical support, and enforcing internal discipline.  

The media is a valuable “helper” by giving terrorists international recognition and also to attract recruits, obtaining funds. Once they gain attention, the terrorists may demand that political statements be disseminated. The danger is that this kind of attention tends to incite acts of violence by other terrorist groups. Terrorists use different methods and taking hostages, bombing, arson (low risk action) assassinations, ambushes and hijacking are the most popular ones.  

Factors that may contribute to terrorism:high population growth rates, high unemployment, weak economies, extremism, ethnic, religious or territorial conflict.  

Organization and tactic  

Organized terror is “organized construction”:  

–search and recruitment of people (active and passive supporters), including informants and supporters in government agencies, counterintelligence and police  

–getting money (robberies, illegal operations with drugs and weapons, legal business, searching for donors with the same political views)  

–security system, including a system of “cells” or small groups (some groups may organize multifunctional cells that combine several skills into one tactical unit). Preparing places where members can hide, relax, get medical care; keep weapons, money, special literature. System also includes fake IDs and counter-intelligence (detection of traitors, preventing collapse of the group and uncontrolled criminal activity (robberies)  

–training camps (shooting, working with explosives). If the group is state supported or directed, the leadership usually includes one or more members who have been trained and educated by the sponsoring state  

–“brainwashing” sessions (the group may include professional terrorists for hire who are not necessarily ideologically motivated)  

–planning the actions  

–making special connections with other groups and mafia  

The typical terrorist organization is pyramidal. This format takes more people to support operations than to carry them out. Therefore, the majority of people who work in terrorist organizations serve to keep terrorists in the field. The most common job in terrorist groups is support, not combat.  

Usually, organization is divided into 4 levels:  

1st level. Command level. The smallest, most secret group at the top.  

2nd level. Active cadre. Responsible for carrying out the mission of the terrorist organization..  

3rd level. Active supporters. The active supporters are critical to terrorist operations. Any group can carry out a bombing, but to maintain a campaign of bombings takes support. Active supporters keep the terrorists in the field. They maintain communication channels, provide safe houses, gather intelligence. This is the largest internal group in the organization, and one which can be effectively countered by economic measures.  

4th level. Passive supporters.  

Most terrorist groups number fewer than 50 people and are incapable of mounting a long-term campaign. Under the command of only a few people, the group is divided according to specific tasks. Intelligence sections are responsible for assessing targets and planning operations. Support sections provides the means necessary to carry out the assault, and the tactical units are responsible for the actual terrorist action.  

Terrorist organizations tend to have two primary types of subunits: a cell and a column.  

The cell is the most basic type. Composed of 4 to 6 people, the cell usually has a mission specialty, but it my be a tactical cell or an intelligence section. In some organizations, the duties of tactical cells very with the assignment. Other cells may exist as support wing.  

Sometimes groups of cells will form to create columns. Columns are semiautonomous conglomerations of cells with a variety of specialties and a separate command structure. As combat units, columns have questionable effectiveness. They are usually too cumbersome to be used in major operations, and the secrecy demanded by terrorism prevents effective inter-column cooperation. Hence, columns are most often found fulfilling a function of combat support.  

Terrorist groups can be divided into three categories:  

a. non-state supported groups which operate autonomously, receiving no support from any government  

b. state supported groups, which operate alone but receive support from one or more governments  

c. state directed groups, which operate as the agents of a government, receiving substantial intelligence, logistic, and operational support  

Methods  

Hostage-taking.  

An overt seizure of one or more people to gain publicity, concessions, or ransom in return for the release of the hostage or hostages. While dramatic, hostage situations are risky for the terrorist in an unfriendly environment..  

You must always negotiate if hostages have been taken. Negotiation produces some advantages for you. These advantages are: (a) the longer situation is prolonged, the more intelligence can be gathered on the location, motivation and identity, (b) the passage of time generally reduces anxiety, allowing the hostage taker to assess the situation rationally, (c) given enough time, the hostages may find a way to escape on their own, (c) the necessary resolve to kill or hold hostages lessens with timer, (d) terrorists may make mistakes. The negotiation team must have information to support negotiations (you get it from interviews with witnesses, escaped and released hostages, and captured suspects — it’s very important to get the identities, personalities, motives, habits and abilities of the offenders).  

One of the complications facing you in a siege involving hostages is the Stockholm syndrome where sometimes hostages can develop a sympathetic rapport with their captors. If this helps keep them safe from harm, this is considered to be a good thing, but there have been cases where hostages have tried to shield the captors during an assault or refused to co- operate with the authorities in bringing prosecutions. (In Britain if the siege involves perpetrators who are considered by the government to be terrorists, then if an assault is to take place, the civilian authorities hand command and control over to military).  

Bombing.  

Advantage includes it’s attention-getting capacity and the terrorist’s ability to control casualties through time of detonation and placement of the device. The bomb is a popular weapon, because it is cheap to produce, easy to make, has variable uses, and is difficult to detect and trace after the action. In Iraq they usually use booby-trapped vehicles and car- bombs. A car bomb is an explosive device placed in a car or other vehicle and then exploded. It is commonly used as a weapon of assassination, terrorism or guerrilla warfare to kill the occupant(s) of the vehicle, people near the blast site, or to damage buildings or other property. Car bombs act as their own delivery mechanisms and can carry a relatively large amount of explosives without attracting suspicion. The earliest car bombs were intended for assassination. These were often wired to the car’s ignition system – to explode when the car was started. Ignition triggering is now rare, as it is easy to detect and hard to install – interfering with the circuitry is time-consuming and car alarms can be triggered by drains on the car’s electrical system. Also, the target may start the car remotely (inadvertently or otherwise), or the target may be a passenger a safe distance away when the car starts. It is now more common for assassination bombs to be affixed to the underside of the car and then detonated remotely or by the car motion. The bomb is exploded as the target approaches or starts the vehicle or, more commonly, after the vehicle begins to move, when the target is more likely to be inside. For  

this reason, security guards have to check the underside of vehicles with a long mirror mounted on a pole.  

The effectiveness of a car bomb is that an explosion detonated inside a car is momentarily contained. If the force of explosion were to double each fraction of a second and the car were to contain the explosion for one second before its chassis gave way, this would result in a much greater force then if the detonation took place outside the car. Therefore a greater amount of damage is obtained from a given amount of explosive. Car bombs are also used by suicide bombers who seek to ram the car into a building and simultaneously detonate it. Defending against a car bomb involves keeping vehicles at a distance from vulnerable targets by using Jersey barriers, concrete blocks or by hardening buildings to withstand an explosion. Where major public roads pass near government buildings, road closures may be the only option (thus, the portion of Pennsylvania Avenue immediately behind the White house is closed to traffic. These tactics encourage potential bombers to target unprotected targets, such as markets.  

Suicide attack.  

A major reason for the popularity of suicide attacks is tactical advantages over other types of terrorism. A terrorist can conceal weapons, make last-minute adjustments, infiltrate heavily guarded targets and he does not need a remote or delayed detonation, escape plans or rescue teams. Suicide attacks often target poorly- guarded, non-military facilities and personnel. Examples of different suicide attacks include:  

–attempted suicide attack with a plane as target  

–suicide car bomb  

–suicide attack by a boat with explosives  

–suicide attack by a woman  

–suicide attack by a bicycle with explosives  

–suicide attack by a hijacked plane with fuel: September 11, 2001 attacks  

–suicide attack by diverting a bus to an abyss  

–suicide attack with guns  

Ambush  

A well-planned ambush seldom fails. The terrorists have time on their side, and can choose a suitable place. Raid (armed attack) on facilities usually have one of three purposes: to gain access to radio or TV stations (to make a public statement); to demonstrate the government’s inability to guarantee the security of critical facilities; or to acquire money and weapons ( by bank pr armory robberies).  

Assassination  

Assassination is the oldest terrorist tactic. Targets mostly are government officials, as well as the defectors from the terrorist group.  

Kidnapping  

Kidnapping is usually a covert action and the perpetrators may not make themselves known for some time, while hostage  

–takers seek immediate publicity. Because of the time involved, a successful kidnapping requires elaborate planning and logistics, although the risk to the terrorists is less than in a hostage situation.  

Sabotage  

Its objective is to demonstrate how vulnerable society is to the terrorists’ actions on utilities, communications and transportation systems. In the more developed countries they are so interdependent that a serious disruption of one affects all and gains immediate public attention. Sabotage of industrial, commercial or military facilities is a tool to show vulnerability of the target and the society while simultaneously making a statement or political, or monetary demand.  

Hoaxes  

A threat against a person’s life causes him and those around him to devote more time and effort to security measures.. A bomb threat can close down a commercial building, empty a theater, or disrupt a transportation system at no cost to the terrorist. The longer-term effects of false alarms on the security forces are more dangerous than the temporary disruption of the hoax. Repeated threats that do not materialize dull the analytical and operational effectiveness of security personnel.  

COUNTERTERRORISM  

FIRST, I HAVE TO ANSWER IDIOT KELLY  

Homegrown terrorists  

Homegrown terrorists are not easy targets, especially if you deal with a "lonely wolf" (individual) or a separate small group of 2-3 people. They are not connected to any terrorist groups, organizations, radical parties, mafia.  

That's why you have to:  

1. Recruit assets among illegal weapons dealers, they have to inform you about anybody, trying to buy a gun and a lot of ammunition, automatic weapons, explosives.  

2. The assets have to inform you about any person with radical views and ready for radical action (to blackmail the government and make it change it's policy).  

NSA has to fix all phone calls where you hear key words like "kill", "gun", "explosive", "explosion", "FBI", "surveillance", "kidnapping", "sniper", "torture", etc.  

3. Detect people who search Internet, looking for instructions on "home made" explosives.  

4. Watch terrorists in jail – they might keep contacts with with those outside. Watch terrorists who are out of jail.  

5. Keep under control all shooting ranges in the country and people who try to get training as snipers.  

6. ATTENTION: keep under control scientists who work with explosives. And companies which produce weapons, explosives, and sell them.  

7. Watch army veterans with radical views, pay special attention to those who served in special forces and involved in war zones special operations.  

Now comes my instruction  

Responses to terrorism include:  

–targeted laws, criminal procedures, deportations and enhanced police powers  

–target hardening, such as locking doors or adding traffic barriers  

–pre-emptive or reactive military action  

–increased intelligence and surveillance activities  

–pre-emptive humanitarian activities  

–more permissive interrogation and detention policies  

–official acceptance of torture as a valid tool  

You must gather the following information:  

1. Group information.  

Names, ideology (political or social philosophy), history of the group, dates significant to the group, and dates when former leaders have been killed or imprisoned (terrorist groups often strike on important anniversary dates).  

2. Financial information.  

Source of funds, proceeds from criminal activities, bank accounts information (sudden influxes of funding or bank withdrawals indicate preparation for activity). It’s also important to determine the group’s legal and financial supporters. Generally, anyone who would write an official letter of protest or gather names on a petition for a terrorist is a legal supporter. Sometimes, an analysis of support will reveal linkages and mergers with other groups.  

3. Personnel information.  

List of leaders, list of members (and former members), any personnel connections with other groups of similar ideology. The skills of all group members (weapons expertise, electronics expertise) – knowing the skills of the group is an important part of threat assessment. If the philosophy revolves around one leader, it’s important to know what will occur if something happens to that leader. Often, the analysis of family background is useful to determine how radically a leader or member was raised. Group structure, particularly if the organizational pattern is cellular, determines who knows whom.  

As a group, terrorists are very team-oriented and always prepared for suicide missions. They are well-prepared for their mission, are willing to take risks and are attack-oriented. If captured, they will usually not confess or snitch on others as ordinary criminals do. Traditional law enforcement are not that effective when it comes to the investigation or intelligence of terrorism.  

4. Location information.  

Location of group’s headquarters, location of group’s “safe” houses (where they hide from authorities) and location of the group’s “stash” houses (where they hide weapons and supplies). Regular attacks on “stash” houses is the most frequently used counterterrorism technique). It’ important to specify the underground that exists where terrorists can flee. Terrorists like to live in communal homes instead of living alone.  

Remember this:  

1. Knowing just the functions of terrorism is a fight. Since terrorists are usually trying to provoke government’s overreaction, anything the government can do to keep itself from overreacting works against them.  

2. Since terrorists are usually trying to provoke government’s overreaction, anything the government can do to keep itself from overreacting works against them. Since terrorists are trying to gain control of the media, anything on the part of the media which stifles exposure also stiles terrorism. Bombings make the best pictures (watch TV! ), that’s why terrorists use them mostly.  

3. Terrorists often demand to release political prisoners, but this is never a true objective. The real trick is politization of all prisoners, the winning over of new recruits among the prison population.  

4. Go after financial supporters of terrorism, not the terrorists themselves. It’s only with narcoterrorism that this strategy fails, since the drug market doesn’t respond to simple supply-demand forces.  

5. Terrorists are imitators, not innovators. They often wait until some other group makes the first move. Most of them do this because they are sorely trying to imitate military strategy, others do it because of standardized paramilitary training or textbook lessons in guerrilla tactics, and still others do it to throw off suspicion from themselves..  

6. The Stockholm Syndrome works in the favor of anti-terrorist forces. The longer the hostages stay alive, the less likelihood harm will come to them. With this syndrome, the hostages come to think of their captors as protecting them from the police and soon start to identify with their captors. The captors themselves start to develop a parent/child relationship with their hostages. Other syndromes include the Penelope Syndrome, where women find violent criminals sexually attractive.  

7. In assessing the threat of terrorism, it’s important to concentrate on counting the number of incidents, not the number of victims or the value of harm. The only true comparison is the number of attacks since terrorists often have no idea themselves about how many victims will be killed by their actions. Nationalist groups tend to seek a high number of fatalities while revolutionary groups tend to seek fewer deaths and more wounds or injuries. Splinter or spin-off groups seem more interested in death counts and fatalities. The point is that no matter how many victims are targeted, the group is only a threat via its number of attacks as a percent of total activity.  

8. Do count the number of victims saved by any preventive action. If you manage through some leverage to get the terrorist leader to stop things with a cease-fire agreement, regardless of whether further negotiation follows or not, it will help your agency if you have calculated how many lives you’ve saved, and can report this information to policymakers. Everyone wins by a cease-fire – the terrorist leaders look good, your leaders look good too. After the cease-fire, it’s important to also measure the resumed level of violence and compare to pre-cease-fire levels.  

9. Giving into terrorists’ demands for political change only changes the pattern of violence, not violence itself. Economic and political reforms aimed at helping a certain group and resolving its grievances will win over some supporters among the general population, but in the long-run, will create new problems and a new set of grievances over the precise implementation of policy and the degree of power sharing. A much better strategy is to initiate economic and political reforms for all nation. Economic development solutions have worked in Ireland, Uruguay andItaly.  

10. Reduction of recruits, supplies and support. You have to reduce the number of active trainee members of the terrorist organization. Capture and imprisonment works (it has helped to keep Spain fairly terrorism-free), as well as preemptive strikes against training camps. The number of terrorists captured or killed should be counted, and this can be put as the denominator in a fraction with the number of government security forces killed in the numerator. You’ve also got to keep weapons, ammo and supplies out of hands of terrorists by destruction of their “stash” houses. Unfortunately, many religious terrorist groups operate under the cover of religion and blowing up religious buildings has a strong negative effect.  

11. Terrorism does not respond to coalition-based sanctions which are intended to express the international community’s disregard for them. Terrorist actually want their enemies to wage a war on terrorism because this gives them some pseudo-legitimacy that they are soldiers-at war. If they are broken up from receiving any psychological rewards or sympathy from their social support groups, this strategy might work.  

12. Sharing of information and intelligence by counter-terrorism agents is essential. But there’s always a threat, thata secret source might be “burnt out” during such“sharing”.  

13. Terrorist groups with a cell structure are most likely to thwart human intelligence since the purpose of the cell structure is to prevent any members from knowing who is the immediate leader. This may or may not be true with some groups (like the IRA) which mix family with business, depending upon levels of fidelity. The best approach for such groups may electronic surveillance. However, groups with military or paramilitary organization might be easier to infiltrate or penetrate.  

In November, 2011 more than a dozen spies working for the CIA in Iran and Lebanon have been caught and the U. S. government fears they will be or have been executed. The spies were paid informants recruited by the CIA for two distinct espionage rings targeting Iran and the Beirut-based Hezbollah organization.  

In Beirut, two Hezbollah double agents pretended to go to work for the CIA. Hezbollah then learned of the Beirut Pizza Hut restaurant where multiple CIA officers were meeting with several agents, according to the four current and former officials briefed on the case. The CIA used the code word "PIZZA" when discussing where to meet with the agents. From there, Hezbollah's internal security arm identified at least a dozen informants, and the identities of several CIA case officers.  

CIA officers ignored the rule that the operation could be compromised by using the same location for meetings with multiple assets. Idiots who loved free pizza paid by the U. S. government too much.  

Use special influence methods against terrorists  

Tortures  

Torture is a category of methods of interrogation designed to shock, hurt and humiliate the object and get information or to make him do something (if used for blackmail). Points to remember:  

–ongoing torture decreases pain sensitivity  

–people with strong will power take torture as a test  

–resistance to torture is often a form of hysterics after arrest  

–the object could take himself as a martyr if you torture him too much  

–torture could damage object’s psyche and you won’t be able to work with him (that’s why we keep terrorists in Guantanamo Bay without trial – we turn them into idiots)  

–people usually trust "after torture information" more than voluntary confessions  

–there are different types of torture and professionals often combine them  

Techniques of psychological torture include:  

– fake execution  

– complete isolation ("wall therapy")  

– daylight deprivation  

– forcible narcotics addiction. Here you can use depressants, stimulants, opiates or hallucinogens : depressants (alcohol, barbiturates, antianxiety drugs  

with effects of euphoria, tension reduction,, muscle relaxation, drowsiness; stimulants (cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine (crystal meth), with effects of fast  

euphoria, exhilaration, high physical and mental energy, reduced appetite, perceptions of power, and sociability; hallucinogens with effects of euphoria, hallucinations, distorted perceptions and sensations  

–making the object observe others being tortured (such as family members)  

–abuse of object’s national, religious feelings or political views)  

The effects of psychological torture are: anxiety, depression, fear, psychosis, difficulty concentrating, communication disabilities, insomnia, impaired memory, headaches, hallucinations, sexual disturbances, destruction of self-image, inability to socialize  

Techniques of physical torture include:  

–food, water, sleep deprivation  

–damage to vital body organs (brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, private parts) plus electric shock. The brain is particularly dependent on a continuous and stable supply of oxygen and glucose.  

–rape  

–face deformation  

–water cure ( the torturer pours water down the throat of the subject to inflict the terror of drowning. In another variation, the subject is tied or held don in a chair, his face is covered with a cloth or plastic sheet, and water is poured slowly or quickly over his face to encourage him to talk  

The effects of physical torture are: extreme (unbearable) pain, hypertension, fatigue, cardiopulmonary and other disorders, brain atrophy.  

Special psychology  

1. "Brain washing" (implantation of new ideas). The process is: isolation from outside world ("information vacuum") — sleep and food limitation (very effective) — "bombing" with slogans – ideological aggression – achieving the result (brain is loaded). The object is now ready to brainwash newcomers.  

2. "Behavior modification" (by placing into a group). The process is: initial contact — introduction to a group — mutual interests — mutual activity–mutual ideas — control and prevention of any negative contacts outside the group. No rush, no pressure.  

3. Special psychotherapy methods: talk + drugs + blondes + alcohol (used for recruitment)  

Attention: An alcoholic is more impulsive, untrustful and unreliable; he demonstrates a poverty of ideas and incapacity for attention. He usually has serious personality maladjustments. He’s immature, insecure, oversensitive and anxious. Without alcohol he’s unable to meet and enjoy people socially, and suffers from marked feeling of inferiority. Besides, alcoholics suffer from vitamin B1 deficiency, which leads to anatomic changes in the central nervous system and heart with symptoms like anorexia, fatigability, and sleep disturbances. Other common symptoms are irritability, poor memory, inability to concentrate, heart pain.  

4. "Transfer" (the object is placed in a regular hospital and then he’s transferred to a mental health clinic or jail). In jail you can use such methods an accelerated work schedule (to exhaust the object), turning him into a number to traumatize his psyche, physical punishment or a threat of punishment to keep the object tense and depressed; senseless labor to destroy his personality. Remember: the lower the intellectual level of the object, the more aggressive he is and more sensitive to incentive or punishment.  

You can actually re-organize any object’s behavior by combining rewards and punishments, exposing him to feared situations and teaching him an instinct of a total (political) obedience.  

Imprisonment is a very strong (sometimes — ultimate) tool. My friend who spent 10 years in jail described the changes in his behavior like this:  

1st year – aggression as self-defense method (to survive)  

2nd year – less personal tension, attempts to adapt the mind and body to the new, isolated way of life  

3rd, 4th, 5th – gaining some inside status  

6th, 7th – life in jail looks like natural routine  

10th – euphoria  

3. Blackmail  

Used to force a person to do something (or stop the action) against his will; it’s used also for recruitment. Blackmail methods include:  

1. Leaking "dirt" on the object through media  

2. Creating problems in his personal life and career  

3. Straight blackmail (threatening to make public certain compromising facts about him)  

4. Placing weapons, drugs, secret documents in object’s house or office, followed by search and arrest  

5. Accusations of rape (robbery) (use hookers for that)  

6. Blackmail by pressing family members. Careful, object may commit suicide after intense blackmail, especially if he is an intellectual. Physical surveillance  

Methods  

"One line" – officers follow the object forming a line behind him and passing him one by one.  

"Two lines" – officers form two lines on both sides of the street.  

"Circle" – officers block the area and start searching (used in case they lose the object).  

"Fork" – one officer (a car) moves in front of the object, another one – behind, other officers (cars) move along parallel streets  

"Box" – used when the object enters supermarket, hotel, restaurant. One or two officers follow the object, the others wait for him at the exits.  

"Demonstration" – officers demonstrate their presence to press the object and lower his activity.  

"Provocation" – officers attack the object, beat him, steal (secret) documents. Often used to lower his activity if he’s trying to play James Bond.  

"Outstrip" – officers do not follow the object because they know exactly where he’s going.  

"Football" – officers pass the object to each other (car — a group — bicyclist — car…)  

"Movie" – the crew watches the object in stages: first day — to the subway only, second day — from subway to his office, etc. (used abroad). The crew has to have a female member if they are watching a woman (she could use the ladies room for a secret meeting) and members of various ethnicities (white, black, Latino) because the object could go to a specific ethnic area.  

If you’re the object and you’ve noticed surveillance:  

Don’t rush, move at the same speed.  

Relax at the nearest bar (and relax the crew).  

Don’t show how professional you are by trying to disappear, otherwise they could intensify surveillance or even neutralize you (smash your car, beat you up).  

Postpone the operation you were engaged in.  

Use a "draught" if you need to see your agent no matter what. Change lanes (if you are driving), stop the car and then drive left or right.  

If you don’t see surveillance, that means either there’s no surveillance or you’ve failed in counter-surveillance. Discreetly watch the agent who’s coming to meet you and try to detect any possible surveillance; or you may have been "outstripped. "  

Surveillance crew mistakes:  

The same crew follows the object all day long.  

The object "rules" the crew and calculates it (he moves faster — the crew moves faster).  

A crew member is too noticeable (unusual dress, haircut, disabled parts of the body, too fat or too skinny, too ugly or too pretty).  

The crew starts to search possible hiding places for espionage evidence right after the object leaves (and he may be watching).  

The crew leaves traces after a secret search of the object’s house (office).  

The crew does not report its mistakes or the fact that they’ve lost the object.  

The crew is not professional (using childish tricks like jumping out of a subway train just before the doors close).  

Technical Surveillance  

1. Visual surveillance. Done through special holes in the ceilings and walls, through the windows from the opposite building (car) or by installing the camera inside the house (you can substitute something, like a clock, for the same thing but "stuffed" with a camera or recorder. ) You can use informant as well to watch the object outside his house (especially if you want to do a secret search).  

2. Listening devices. The easiest thing is to listen to the object’s phone (record all calls, including those dialed "by mistake"). If you work inside his apartment, make sure you equip the room where he usually talks. Attention: avoid widespread mistake when your agent keeps the listening device on his body; install a miniature device in his clothes or shoes, because the object could try a test and ask the agent to take off his clothes or invite him to the sauna or pool.  

3. If you are working abroad, listen 24/7 to local counterintelligence surveillance radiofrequencies.  

4. Reading the mail. When you control the object’s mail, remember he could use multiple addresses and PO boxes. Open all the letters with no return address or PO box. Watch when you open the letter — the object could leave a tiny piece of paper, hair, etc. to check if anybody opened the letter. Analyze the text carefully — there could be a cipher or the words with double meaning (jargon), especially when you read mafia mail.  

5. Combination of above-mentioned methods  

　 Investigation  

Stages:  

– secure and examine carefully the crime scene (every person who enters the scene is a potential destroyer of physical evidence)  

– record the scene (make photos, sketches, notes with detailed written description of the scene with the location of evidences recovered)  

– collect physical evidences (blood, semen, saliva, hair, documents, drugs, weapons and explosives, poisonous substances, fingerprints, traces, soils and minerals, fiber) and package everything  

– collect confessions and eyewitnesses accounts and then  

– make a plan of investigation and correct it later  

– research similar crimes and criminals involved  

– make a model (profile) of the suspect  

– analyze expertise data  

– work with secret sources  

– cooperate with other divisions (abroad, if needed)  

– make arrest  

– interrogate  

Arrest  

In daytime arrest people discreetly – don’t inflame extra public irritation. There’s a general rule: more arrests – less crime prevention (after being in jail people, engage in more sophisticated and secret criminal activity). After mass arrests at certain places (buildings) repeat the action in a day or two.  

Procedure:  

– chasing the object, block the area into circles (follow the plan for a certain area) and try to "push" him to a certain place where your team is waiting  

– taking the object in the street: look around for his partner(s), who could shoot you from behind  

– be on the alert if anybody tries to talk to you in the street – it could be an attempt to divert your attention  

– arresting a crew, shoot and disarm any people with guns first  

– never hesitate to shoot terrorists – some of them have mental problems and won’t think a second before shooting you  

– arrest a dangerous object while he’s relaxed (drugs, alcohol, sex, sleep) and don’t let him kill himself, eliminate evidences or warn his partners. (Most people feel more relaxed when traveling abroad. ) To take the object alive, scream, shoot over his head, use smoke and light grenades.  

– camouflage your team (as ambulance workers, construction workers, vendors, etc. )  

– if there’s a crowd around the object, shoot in the air and order everybody to lie down— the object has no choice  

– if the object is well armed and very dangerous (and you have intelligence information on that), you have to shoot him even in a very crowded area as you never know what he’s going to do next — take hostages, shoot people or blow up a bomb (three wounded people is a better score than three hundred dead).  

Interrogation  

Interrogation is a conversational process of information gathering. The intent of interrogation is to control an individual so that he will either willingly supply the requested information or, if someone is an unwilling participant in the process, to make the person submit to the demands for information.  

Remember, people tend to:  

–talk when they are under stress and respond to kindness and understanding.  

–show deference when confronted by superior authority, This is culturally dependent, but in most areas of the world people are used to responding to questions from a variety of government and quasi-government officials.  

–operate within a framework of personal and culturally derived values. People tend to respond positively to individuals who display the same value system and negatively when their core values are challenged.  

–respond to physical and, more importantly, emotional self-interest.  

–fail to apply or remember lessons they may have been taught regarding security if confronted with a disorganized or strange situation  

–be more willing to discuss a topic about which the interrogator demonstrates identical or related experience or knowledge  

–appreciate flattery and exoneration from guilt  

Tricks:  

a) "good cop / bad cop"  

b)"story under a story" (after intense interrogation the object tells a different story — which is not true, either)  

c) "bombing" with questions  

d) pressure by not interrogating  

e) "silence makes your situation worse" trick  

f) "admit one small episode and that’s it" trick  

g) "I help you — you help me" trick  

h) "shift" – try to shift the blame away from the suspect to some other person or set of circumstances that prompted the subject to commit the crime. That is, develop themes containing reasons that will justify or excuse the crime. Themes may be developed or changed to find one to which the accused is most responsive.  

THE END  

==========================================================