"Putin and his crimes. Case #25. KGB ESPIONAGE HANDBOOK . Mikhail Kryzhanovsky.

Mikhail Kryzhanovsky, a former KGB and CIA  

kryzhanovsky7777@gmail. com  

New York  

ESPIONAGE MANAGEMENT  

Spy code.  

"Moles".  

Secret sources.  

Terror and counterterror  

Surveillance  

Special methods  

Spy Code  

1. No mercy, no ideology, no emotions.  

2. Intuition is nothing but the ability to watch and analyze.  

3. No evidence is evidence in itself.  

4. Distrust is a mother of security.  

5. Never look as if you are sizing up the person – that’s a sign that gives away cops and spies.  

6. Don’t start first if you don’t know the rules.  

7. The way you act is the way you think – behavior is a system of codes (information) which could be calculated by the enemy. Watch your face – that’s a shop window.  

8. Think fast, talk slow.  

9. Avoid self-programming and never think bad about yourself.  

10. Don’t smoke, drink or take drugs if it’s not necessary; spare your stomach from very hot or cold food or drinks; avoid too much noise and light.  

11. Don’t be shy to lie – the more you lie the more people respect you.  

12. Let people talk out and “empty their brains” – then load your information.  

13. People never change – everybody wants to get pleasure and avoid pain.  

14. “He knew too much” means “He talked too much. ”  

15. Never ask extra questions – wait. Wait and the object will get used to you and open himself – nobody can stay tense for long.  

16. Lonely people live longer in espionage business.  

17. “No exit” situation is the one you don’t like or don’t understand.  

18. Avoid:  

– personal enemies (they fix negative information on you)  

– silent types (they notice and think too much)  

– other professionals (they’ll blow your identity)  

– extra stress (it damages your heart and blood vessels and that kills your brain and your ability to think )  

– talking too much  

19. The best weapon against your enemy is his enemy.  

20. “I want nothing” means “I want everything”.  

21. Small lie gives birth to big distrust.  

How to run assets  

You can get tons of information through technical devices but no device can influence decisions made by leaders of other countries. That’s why for thousands of years to come, a reliable agent will be the top tool of any special service, and their actual names have to be kept secret forever, please. Trump, VIP agent (a top government employee) is a very rare thing and depends hugely on luck, because he can make or influence big political decisions. Trump has access to the Oval Office, he can change the world and America, and can sabotage global political, economic or military actions.  

Spies identification  

If a spy is an intelligence officer working abroad under "cover" (diplomat, businessman, reporter) you can identify him by:  

– following the careers of all diplomats who work at your enemy’s embassies all over the world  

– recruiting a "mole" inside the intelligence service (or inside the station)  

– setting up your agent for recruitment by the enemy’s station  

– watching foreigners who try to make discreet contacts with native citizens with access to secrets  

– making a model of a spy (professional behavior, attempts to detect surveillance, attempts to recruit sources or just get any classified information during normal meetings, "throwing away" money trying to get access to government employees, military and scientific circles)  

– using secret surveillance and listening devices inside the station and practicing secret searches  

If a spy is an intelligence officer working in your country under "cover" of a native citizen (or he is recruited by a native citizen) you identify him by making a model (contacts with identified spies — that’s often the only sign which points out a spy, and that’s why surveillance is very important in getting information from a "mole").  

CIA “mole” “Gentile” and KGB intelligence officer V. Martynov arrested at Moscow airport, 1987 (executed).  

CIA agent and KGB “mole” Aldrich Ames arrested by FBI, 1994.  

"Moles"  

"Moles"  

CIA “mole” and KGB intelligence officer V. Martynov arrested at Moscow airport, 1987. Later he was executed.  

A "mole" is a spy inside the government, recruited or "installed" most often within the special services, by an outside government/agency. The 3 most dangerous things a "mole" can do:  

1. Calculate President’s plans and decisions judging by information he’s asking for.  

2. Manipulate information being sent to President, and thus influence global political decisions  

3. Paralyze to some extent the government (if he’s CIA or FBI Director)  

Methods to detect a "mole":  

A. Use index cards (special file) — never use computers to save this information!  

Prepare a file on each officer and mark there the signs of a "mole" — has or spends too much money, asks too many extra questions; uses professional skills to check for physical and technical surveillance; has discreet contacts with foreigners; discreet copying of top secret documents; attempts to get a job in most secret departments; talks with close friends and family members about the possibility of making money as a "mole"; behavior deviations — extra suspiciousness, excitement, depression, drugs or alcohol addiction. Three signs are enough to start an investigation — the "triangulation" principle.  

B. Use provocation. If a prospective "mole" is looking for a contact with the enemy and is ready to betray, and you have exact information, organize such a "meeting" for him. Do not arrest the person right away — play along, as he may give you connections to other people who are ready to betray. There’s one more provocation method: you supply the suspects with "highly classified information" and just watch what they do.  

C. Use "filter" or "narrowing the circle. " Include all the officers you suspect in a "circle" and narrow it until one name is left as the most likely suspect.  

D. Make a "model" of a "mole, " judging by information you have on him.  

E. Recruit an insider. Recruit a "mole" inside your enemy’s intelligence service and he’ll help you to find the one inside yours (it’s called "grabbing the other end of a thread").  

F. Don’t trust anybody.  

What to do if you detect a "mole"  

– assess the damage  

– restrict his access to classified information and start "feeding" him with fake data  

– stop all operations he was involved in and create the illusion they are still in progress  

– bring home officers and agents who work abroad and had contacts with him and those to whose files he had access  

– start 24/7 surveillance if you’ve decided to play the game and look into his contacts  

– arrest the "mole" discreetly (if you want to continue the game)  

Attention : Effective methods to prevent treason do not exist.  

How to cover your "mole"  

There are special methods to cover your own "mole" and a "switch" is the most effective — it’s when you "switch" counterintelligence to other, innocent persons who work with the "mole. " You can try information "leaks" through a "double agent" — it looks like you receive top secret information through another traitor or by breaking the electronic security systems. Or you can try information "leak" through publications in big newspapers — it looks like information is not secret and is known to many people or there’s another "mole. "  

Secret sources  

Categories of agents  

A. "Garbage" (60%), the "no trust " category.  

Recruitment is #1 priority for the officer and a part of his working plan and very often he has to recruit people who are not born agents. You can work with a nice guy, teach him, pay him, press him — and he still avoids any cooperation (busy, sick, on vacation, etc. ). It’s hard to get rid of him because, first, you have to explain to your superiors why you recruited garbage and second, there’s a rule: if you want to be very smart and innovative, a reformer, who came here to start intelligence revolution and get rid of a passive agent, recruit an active one first. Also, agents who work under pressure (blackmail) sooner or later slide into this category.  

B. Trump  

Good agents (30%), middle category. They adhere to the rules of discipline and keep the schedule (that’s very important even if there’s no information), deliver a lot of information that you have to verify through other sources, but don’t show much initiative. Used for regular espionage: go and talk to the object, copy documents, make a recording, take pictures, listen, watch. You can trust them and check often, anyway.  

C. Born agents (10%). You are very lucky if you can recruit such people. They betray their country with pleasure and sometimes do not even ask for money because it’s in their character — they are looking for adventure or are not happy with their personal or professional life and seek improvement or revenge. They take risks, have good analytical abilities, good education, make (VIP) connections easily, "crack" any object, play the "good guy" whom you can trust. Sometimes they come to you as volunteers, and if they bring valuable stuff – recruit them  

Special category. Women.  

Women are a special category here, as elsewhere, and the rule is: if you can’t recruit a real agent, you recruit a woman. It’s not professional to recruit a woman for a serious operation, but if you want to get to an important object, a woman can introduce you. OK, you can recruit a US Senator’s secretary or a typist from the Pentagon, but it will be on your conscience if she gets caught. Such cases entail a life sentence, usually — how would you feel? Besides, women often fall in love with their objects and tell them everything. Finally, a married woman is much bigger problem than a married man.  

Recruitment rules  

Recruit a small number of well-informed people.  

Do not recruit:  

– volunteers (unless it’s a "mole" or other government employee who brings you top secret information right away. In a counter-intelligence set-up, a "volunteer" will try to get information about you, telling the minimum about himself. )  

– persons with low educational and intellectual level  

– people under 30 or over 70, unless it’s a VIP. (Did someone get Jim Baker? Dick Cheney? )  

– mafia members  

– people who are happy with their lives and careers  

The best formula when you recruit is a mix of money and ideology (brainwashing). It’s not necessary to sign recruitment obligations — people take that as a blackmail tool. It’s enough if the fellow brings a good piece of information and get paid (make a video, anyway).  

Recruitment Pyramid  

Priority recruitment candidates in the USA:  

Trump  

The White House staff  

The Cabinet and federal agencies  

The US Congress  

Big corporations  

Big scientific institutions  

Local politicians  

VIP world (celebrities – big media, show biz, big sport)  

Candidates for recruitment  

1. Trump.  

2. All spies who work in the USA under legal "cover" as diplomats, reporters, scientists, businessmen, actors, artists, musicians, sportsmen have the legal right to make and develop any contacts and invite people to private parties; then they "transfer" these contacts to professional recruiters. Any embassy can invite any politician to official and private parties and "work" with him there. Besides, all those people can invite prospective candidates to their countries or to other country to develop the contact; it’s much easier to recruit abroad. And remember, any contact, any talk, any piece of biography is already information.  

3. You can get information about candidates through other agents and through the media.  

4. It’s useful to install listening devices in the government buildings or listen to the phones, and collect compromising information on politicians. I recommend listening to the phones all over the city, if it’s the capital of the country.  

Candidates for recruitment  

1. All spies who work in the USA under legal "cover" as diplomats, reporters, scientists, businessmen, actors, artists, musicians, sportsmen have the legal right to make and develop any contacts and invite people to private parties; then they "transfer" these contacts to professional recruiters. Any embassy can invite any politician to official and private parties and "work" with him there. Besides, all those people can invite prospective candidates to their countries or to other country to develop the contact; it’s much easier to recruit abroad. And remember, any contact, any talk, any piece of biography is already information.  

2. You can get information about candidates through other agents and through the media.  

3. It’s useful to install listening devices in the government buildings or listen to the phones, and collect compromising information on politicians. I recommend listening to the phones all over the city, if it’s the capital of the country.  

"Golden" rules.  

1. Do not tell the agent about problems and mistakes of the agency, about your personal problems, about other agents, about his own file and compromising information you have on him.  

2. Don’t show him any classified documents – you might provoke him to sell the information to somebody else.  

3. Don’t trust your agents too much; they can use you to compromise their personal enemies.  

4. Never criticize the source – be an adviser. Don’t talk straight if he avoids cooperation or brings you garbage – just reduce or stop payments, or get rid of him.  

5. You lose the agent if you don’t pay him for a job well done, ask him to "produce" fake information (to show your bosses how much great espionage activity you have going on) or if you don’t care about his personal security and his personal problems (health, career). And — never give poison to your agent for security reasons.  

Questioning the source  

This is of extreme importance – the right question brings you the right answer and top secret info. Give your agent a chance to tell and show you everything he’s brought, no matter how chaotic the story might be or how ordinary the documents look. Don’t make written notices. Don’t bring written questions even if you are talking about some advanced technology — look and be professional. Don’t let the agent analyze the information before he talks to you and don’t let him bring it in a written form – it’s usually not complete; he can lose it; or it may be stolen from him. If there are documents, he has to bring a microfilm. Ask questions — when? where? what happened? why? what’s going to happen next?  

After that you tell the story back to him and he adds details. At the end of the meeting give the agent another task and don’t ask him to bring you "something, " because he’ll bring you just that "something" and nothing else.  

Remember, questioning is not interrogation; do not bring another officer to the meeting because it will look like cross interrogation.  

Teaching the source  

Teach your agent to:  

– follow security rules while talking to people, working with the documents and especially meeting the officer (some foreign agencies practice open contacts with many people, hoping that the meeting with the agent won’t attract much attention — I don’t recommend that)  

– always stay calm in stressful situations  

– always keep discipline and come in time  

– use analytic abilities working with people and documents – ask yourself as many questions as you can  

Checking the source  

You can never be sure you are not working with a "double agent, " even if he brings you top secret stuff. Besides, agents are human beings and they make mistakes — they forget about security, spend too much money, talk too much and ask extra questions; if arrested they may not play the hero but will tell everything. Anyway, you can check your source:  

a. by fake arrest followed by severe interrogation.  

b. through provocation (tell him you know about his "double game" and watch his behavior after the meeting (it’s good to have a listening device or a camera in his house).  

c. by making an analysis of all the information and documents he delivers and comparing it with information from other sources.  

d. through other agents.  

e. through your "mole" in counter-intelligence (if you’re lucky).  

f. through technical devices (reading the mail, listening to the phone, secret searching his house and office, watching him through hidden cameras, trying surveillance in the street).  

Agent termination (one-way ticket)  

It doesn’t happen often but you have to know some special situations when you have to terminate the agent:  

1. He knows too much (talks too much) and is ready to betray you.  

2. VIP agent (politician) is under suspicion and you can’t help him for political reasons (diplomatic, international scandal, etc. ) — in such a case an accident could be staged. It happens that the agent is too close to President.  

3. Agent was involved in special operations (murders) and is dangerous as a witness.  

4. Agent is trying to blackmail you.  

5. You need to press (blackmail) other agents.  

COUNTERESPIONAGE TECHNOLOGY  

Terror and Counterterror  

T e r r o r is a political tactic, a form of unconventional and psychological warfare against people or property to coerce or intimidate governments or societies, to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives.  

The #1 method is the act of violence devised to have a big national or international impact.  

“Red” terror is aimed against certain politicians; “black” refers more to mass murders. The two can be mixed.  

Purposes:  

– to scare the nation  

– neutralize the government and show its inability to rule the country  

– to make the government admit that terror organization is a real political power  

– to draw media and public (international) attention to a certain political problem  

– to provoke the government to use military force and start civil war  

– to prove some political or religious ideology  

– to prevent or delay important political decisions or legislation  

– to discourage foreign investments or foreign government assistance programs  

– change the government through revolution or civil war  

Types of terrorism.  

Civil disorders.  

Political terrorism – violent acts designed primarily to generate fear in the nation for political purposes. Civil disorders are very effective here..  

Non-political terrorism – terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but which exhibits conscious design to create and maintain high degree of fear for coercive purposes..  

Official or state terrorism – referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions.  

Objectives  

1. Recognition  

Groups seeking recognition require events that have high probability of attracting media attention. Specific incidents may be suicide bombing in public place (e. g. a green market), hijacking of an aircraft, the kidnapping of a politician or other prominent person, the seizing of occupied buildings (schools, hospitals) or other hostage barricade situations. Once they gain attention, the terrorists may demand that political statement be disseminated. Terrorist groups sometimes use organizational names or labels designed to imply legitimacy or widespread support. For example, a tiny isolated group may use “front”, “army”, or “brigade” in its name to achieve this effect.  

2. Coercion.  

Coercion is the attempt to force a desired behavior by individuals, groups, or governments. This objective calls for a strategy of a very selective targeting which rely on publicly announced bombings, destruction of property and other acts which are initially less violent than the taking of human life. Contemporary examples include the bombing of corporate headquarters and banking facilities with little or no loss of life.  

3. Intimidation.  

Intimidation attempts to prevent individuals or groups from acting: coercion attempts to force actions. Terrorists may use intimidation to reduce the effectiveness of security forces by making them afraid to act. Intimidation can discourage competent citizens from seeking or accepting positions within the government. The threat of violence can also keep the general public from taking part in important political activities such as voting. As in the case of coercion, terrorists use a strategy of selective targeting although they may intend the targets to look as though they were chosen indiscriminately.  

4. Provocation.  

Provoking overreaction on the part of government forces. The strategy normally calls for attacking targets symbolic of the government ( for example, the police, the military, and other officials). Attacks of this type demonstrate vulnerability to terrorist acts and contribute to a loss of confidence in the government’s ability to provide security. More important, if the security forces resort to a heavy-handed response, the resulting oppression can create public sympathy, passive acceptance, or active support for an insurgent or terrorist group.  

5. Insurgency support.  

Terrorism in support of an insurgency is likely to include provocation, intimidation, coercion and the quest for recognition.. Terrorism can also aid an insurgency by causing the government to overextend itself in attempting to protect all possible targets. Other uses of terrorist skills in insurgencies include acquiring funds, coercing recruits, obtaining logistical support, and enforcing internal discipline.  

The media is a valuable “helper” by giving terrorists international recognition and also to attract recruits, obtaining funds. Once they gain attention, the terrorists may demand that political statements be disseminated. The danger is that this kind of attention tends to incite acts of violence by other terrorist groups. Terrorists use different methods and taking hostages, bombing, arson (low risk action) assassinations, ambushes and hijacking are the most popular ones.  

Factors that may contribute to terrorism:high population growth rates, high unemployment, weak economies, extremism, ethnic, religious or territorial conflict.  

Organization and tactic  

Organized terror is “organized construction”:  

–search and recruitment of people (active and passive supporters), including informants and supporters in government agencies, counterintelligence and police  

–getting money (robberies, illegal operations with drugs and weapons, legal business, searching for donors with the same political views)  

–security system, including a system of “cells” or small groups (some groups may organize multifunctional cells that combine several skills into one tactical unit). Preparing places where members can hide, relax, get medical care; keep weapons, money, special literature. System also includes fake IDs and counter-intelligence (detection of traitors, preventing collapse of the group and uncontrolled criminal activity (robberies)  

–training camps (shooting, working with explosives). If the group is state supported or directed, the leadership usually includes one or more members who have been trained and educated by the sponsoring state  

–“brainwashing” sessions (the group may include professional terrorists for hire who are not necessarily ideologically motivated)  

–planning the actions  

–making special connections with other groups and mafia  

The typical terrorist organization is pyramidal. This format takes more people to support operations than to carry them out. Therefore, the majority of people who work in terrorist organizations serve to keep terrorists in the field. The most common job in terrorist groups is support, not combat.  

Usually, organization is divided into 4 levels:  

1st level. Command level. The smallest, most secret group at the top.  

2nd level. Active cadre. Responsible for carrying out the mission of the terrorist organization..  

3rd level. Active supporters. The active supporters are critical to terrorist operations. Any group can carry out a bombing, but to maintain a campaign of bombings takes support. Active supporters keep the terrorists in the field. They maintain communication channels, provide safe houses, gather intelligence. This is the largest internal group in the organization, and one which can be effectively countered by economic measures.  

4th level. Passive supporters.  

Most terrorist groups number fewer than 50 people and are incapable of mounting a long-term campaign. Under the command of only a few people, the group is divided according to specific tasks. Intelligence sections are responsible for assessing targets and planning operations. Support sections provides the means necessary to carry out the assault, and the tactical units are responsible for the actual terrorist action.  

Terrorist organizations tend to have two primary types of subunits: a cell and a column.  

The cell is the most basic type. Composed of 4 to 6 people, the cell usually has a mission specialty, but it my be a tactical cell or an intelligence section. In some organizations, the duties of tactical cells very with the assignment. Other cells may exist as support wing.  

Sometimes groups of cells will form to create columns. Columns are semiautonomous conglomerations of cells with a variety of specialties and a separate command structure. As combat units, columns have questionable effectiveness. They are usually too cumbersome to be used in major operations, and the secrecy demanded by terrorism prevents effective inter-column cooperation. Hence, columns are most often found fulfilling a function of combat support.  

Terrorist groups can be divided into three categories:  

a. non-state supported groups which operate autonomously, receiving no support from any government  

b. state supported groups, which operate alone but receive support from one or more governments  

c. state directed groups, which operate as the agents of a government, receiving substantial intelligence, logistic, and operational support  

Methods  

Hostage-taking.  

An overt seizure of one or more people to gain publicity, concessions, or ransom in return for the release of the hostage or hostages. While dramatic, hostage situations are risky for the terrorist in an unfriendly environment..  

You must always negotiate if hostages have been taken. Negotiation produces some advantages for you. These advantages are: (a) the longer situation is prolonged, the more intelligence can be gathered on the location, motivation and identity, (b) the passage of time generally reduces anxiety, allowing the hostage taker to assess the situation rationally, (c) given enough time, the hostages may find a way to escape on their own, (c) the necessary resolve to kill or hold hostages lessens with timer, (d) terrorists may make mistakes. The negotiation team must have information to support negotiations (you get it from interviews with witnesses, escaped and released hostages, and captured suspects — it’s very important to get the identities, personalities, motives, habits and abilities of the offenders).  

One of the complications facing you in a siege involving hostages is the Stockholm syndrome where sometimes hostages can develop a sympathetic rapport with their captors. If this helps keep them safe from harm, this is considered to be a good thing, but there have been cases where hostages have tried to shield the captors during an assault or refused to co- operate with the authorities in bringing prosecutions. (In Britain if the siege involves perpetrators who are considered by the government to be terrorists, then if an assault is to take place, the civilian authorities hand command and control over to military).  

Bombing.  

Advantage includes it’s attention-getting capacity and the terrorist’s ability to control casualties through time of detonation and placement of the device. The bomb is a popular weapon, because it is cheap to produce, easy to make, has variable uses, and is difficult to detect and trace after the action. In Iraq they usually use booby-trapped vehicles and car- bombs. A car bomb is an explosive device placed in a car or other vehicle and then exploded. It is commonly used as a weapon of assassination, terrorism or guerrilla warfare to kill the occupant(s) of the vehicle, people near the blast site, or to damage buildings or other property. Car bombs act as their own delivery mechanisms and can carry a relatively large amount of explosives without attracting suspicion. The earliest car bombs were intended for assassination. These were often wired to the car’s ignition system – to explode when the car was started. Ignition triggering is now rare, as it is easy to detect and hard to install – interfering with the circuitry is time-consuming and car alarms can be triggered by drains on the car’s electrical system. Also, the target may start the car remotely (inadvertently or otherwise), or the target may be a passenger a safe distance away when the car starts. It is now more common for assassination bombs to be affixed to the underside of the car and then detonated remotely or by the car motion. The bomb is exploded as the target approaches or starts the vehicle or, more commonly, after the vehicle begins to move, when the target is more likely to be inside. For  

this reason, security guards have to check the underside of vehicles with a long mirror mounted on a pole.  

The effectiveness of a car bomb is that an explosion detonated inside a car is momentarily contained. If the force of explosion were to double each fraction of a second and the car were to contain the explosion for one second before its chassis gave way, this would result in a much greater force then if the detonation took place outside the car. Therefore a greater amount of damage is obtained from a given amount of explosive. Car bombs are also used by suicide bombers who seek to ram the car into a building and simultaneously detonate it. Defending against a car bomb involves keeping vehicles at a distance from vulnerable targets by using Jersey barriers, concrete blocks or by hardening buildings to withstand an explosion. Where major public roads pass near government buildings, road closures may be the only option (thus, the portion of Pennsylvania Avenue immediately behind the White house is closed to traffic. These tactics encourage potential bombers to target unprotected targets, such as markets.  

Suicide attack.  

A major reason for the popularity of suicide attacks is tactical advantages over other types of terrorism. A terrorist can conceal weapons, make last-minute adjustments, infiltrate heavily guarded targets and he does not need a remote or delayed detonation, escape plans or rescue teams. Suicide attacks often target poorly- guarded, non-military facilities and personnel. Examples of different suicide attacks include:  

–attempted suicide attack with a plane as target  

–suicide car bomb  

–suicide attack by a boat with explosives  

–suicide attack by a woman  

–suicide attack by a bicycle with explosives  

–suicide attack by a hijacked plane with fuel: September 11, 2001 attacks  

–suicide attack by diverting a bus to an abyss  

–suicide attack with guns  

Ambush  

A well-planned ambush seldom fails. The terrorists have time on their side, and can choose a suitable place. Raid (armed attack) on facilities usually have one of three purposes: to gain access to radio or TV stations (to make a public statement); to demonstrate the government’s inability to guarantee the security of critical facilities; or to acquire money and weapons ( by bank pr armory robberies).  

Assassination  

Assassination is the oldest terrorist tactic. Targets mostly are government officials, as well as the defectors from the terrorist group.  

Kidnapping  

Kidnapping is usually a covert action and the perpetrators may not make themselves known for some time, while hostage  

–takers seek immediate publicity. Because of the time involved, a successful kidnapping requires elaborate planning and logistics, although the risk to the terrorists is less than in a hostage situation.  

Sabotage  

Its objective is to demonstrate how vulnerable society is to the terrorists’ actions on utilities, communications and transportation systems. In the more developed countries they are so interdependent that a serious disruption of one affects all and gains immediate public attention. Sabotage of industrial, commercial or military facilities is a tool to show vulnerability of the target and the society while simultaneously making a statement or political, or monetary demand.  

Hoaxes  

A threat against a person’s life causes him and those around him to devote more time and effort to security measures.. A bomb threat can close down a commercial building, empty a theater, or disrupt a transportation system at no cost to the terrorist. The longer-term effects of false alarms on the security forces are more dangerous than the temporary disruption of the hoax. Repeated threats that do not materialize dull the analytical and operational effectiveness of security personnel.  

COUNTERTERROR  

Homegrown terrorists  

Homegrown terrorists are not easy targets, especially if you deal with a "lonely wolf" (individual) or a separate small group of 2-3 people. They are not connected to any terrorist groups, organizations, radical parties, mafia.  

That's why you have to:  

1. Recruit assets among illegal weapons dealers, they have to inform you about anybody, trying to buy a gun and a lot of ammunition, automatic weapons, explosives.  

2. The assets have to inform you about any person with radical views and ready for radical action (to blackmail the government and make it change it's policy).  

NSA has to fix all phone calls where you hear key words like "kill", "gun", "explosive", "explosion", "FBI", "surveillance", "kidnapping", "sniper", "torture", etc.  

3. Detect people who search Internet, looking for instructions on "home made" explosives.  

4. Watch terrorists in jail – they might keep contacts with with those outside. Watch terrorists who are out of jail.  

5. Keep under control all shooting ranges in the country and people who try to get training as snipers.  

6. ATTENTION: keep under control scientists who work with explosives. And companies which produce weapons, explosives, and sell them.  

7. Watch army veterans with radical views, pay special attention to those who served in special forces and involved in war zones special operations.  

Now comes my instruction  

Responses to terrorism include:  

–targeted laws, criminal procedures, deportations and enhanced police powers  

–target hardening, such as locking doors or adding traffic barriers  

–pre-emptive or reactive military action  

–increased intelligence and surveillance activities  

–pre-emptive humanitarian activities  

–more permissive interrogation and detention policies  

–official acceptance of torture as a valid tool  

You must gather the following information:  

1. Group information.  

Names, ideology (political or social philosophy), history of the group, dates significant to the group, and dates when former leaders have been killed or imprisoned (terrorist groups often strike on important anniversary dates).  

2. Financial information.  

Source of funds, proceeds from criminal activities, bank accounts information (sudden influxes of funding or bank withdrawals indicate preparation for activity). It’s also important to determine the group’s legal and financial supporters. Generally, anyone who would write an official letter of protest or gather names on a petition for a terrorist is a legal supporter. Sometimes, an analysis of support will reveal linkages and mergers with other groups.  

3. Personnel information.  

List of leaders, list of members (and former members), any personnel connections with other groups of similar ideology. The skills of all group members (weapons expertise, electronics expertise) – knowing the skills of the group is an important part of threat assessment. If the philosophy revolves around one leader, it’s important to know what will occur if something happens to that leader. Often, the analysis of family background is useful to determine how radically a leader or member was raised. Group structure, particularly if the organizational pattern is cellular, determines who knows whom.  

As a group, terrorists are very team-oriented and always prepared for suicide missions. They are well-prepared for their mission, are willing to take risks and are attack-oriented. If captured, they will usually not confess or snitch on others as ordinary criminals do. Traditional law enforcement are not that effective when it comes to the investigation or intelligence of terrorism.  

4. Location information.  

Location of group’s headquarters, location of group’s “safe” houses (where they hide from authorities) and location of the group’s “stash” houses (where they hide weapons and supplies). Regular attacks on “stash” houses is the most frequently used counterterrorism technique). It’ important to specify the underground that exists where terrorists can flee. Terrorists like to live in communal homes instead of living alone.  

Remember this:  

1. Knowing just the functions of terrorism is a fight. Since terrorists are usually trying to provoke government’s overreaction, anything the government can do to keep itself from overreacting works against them.  

2. Since terrorists are usually trying to provoke government’s overreaction, anything the government can do to keep itself from overreacting works against them. Since terrorists are trying to gain control of the media, anything on the part of the media which stifles exposure also stiles terrorism. Bombings make the best pictures (watch TV! ), that’s why terrorists use them mostly.  

3. Terrorists often demand to release political prisoners, but this is never a true objective. The real trick is politization of all prisoners, the winning over of new recruits among the prison population.  

4. Go after financial supporters of terrorism, not the terrorists themselves. It’s only with narcoterrorism that this strategy fails, since the drug market doesn’t respond to simple supply-demand forces.  

5. Terrorists are imitators, not innovators. They often wait until some other group makes the first move. Most of them do this because they are sorely trying to imitate military strategy, others do it because of standardized paramilitary training or textbook lessons in guerrilla tactics, and still others do it to throw off suspicion from themselves..  

6. The Stockholm Syndrome works in the favor of anti-terrorist forces. The longer the hostages stay alive, the less likelihood harm will come to them. With this syndrome, the hostages come to think of their captors as protecting them from the police and soon start to identify with their captors. The captors themselves start to develop a parent/child relationship with their hostages. Other syndromes include the Penelope Syndrome, where women find violent criminals sexually attractive.  

7. In assessing the threat of terrorism, it’s important to concentrate on counting the number of incidents, not the number of victims or the value of harm. The only true comparison is the number of attacks since terrorists often have no idea themselves about how many victims will be killed by their actions. Nationalist groups tend to seek a high number of fatalities while revolutionary groups tend to seek fewer deaths and more wounds or injuries. Splinter or spin-off groups seem more interested in death counts and fatalities. The point is that no matter how many victims are targeted, the group is only a threat via its number of attacks as a percent of total activity.  

8. Do count the number of victims saved by any preventive action. If you manage through some leverage to get the terrorist leader to stop things with a cease-fire agreement, regardless of whether further negotiation follows or not, it will help your agency if you have calculated how many lives you’ve saved, and can report this information to policymakers. Everyone wins by a cease-fire – the terrorist leaders look good, your leaders look good too. After the cease-fire, it’s important to also measure the resumed level of violence and compare to pre-cease-fire levels.  

9. Giving into terrorists’ demands for political change only changes the pattern of violence, not violence itself. Economic and political reforms aimed at helping a certain group and resolving its grievances will win over some supporters among the general population, but in the long-run, will create new problems and a new set of grievances over the precise implementation of policy and the degree of power sharing. A much better strategy is to initiate economic and political reforms for all nation. Economic development solutions have worked in Ireland, Uruguay andItaly.  

10. Reduction of recruits, supplies and support. You have to reduce the number of active trainee members of the terrorist organization. Capture and imprisonment works (it has helped to keep Spain fairly terrorism-free), as well as preemptive strikes against training camps. The number of terrorists captured or killed should be counted, and this can be put as the denominator in a fraction with the number of government security forces killed in the numerator. You’ve also got to keep weapons, ammo and supplies out of hands of terrorists by destruction of their “stash” houses. Unfortunately, many religious terrorist groups operate under the cover of religion and blowing up religious buildings has a strong negative effect.  

11. Terrorism does not respond to coalition-based sanctions which are intended to express the international community’s disregard for them. Terrorist actually want their enemies to wage a war on terrorism because this gives them some pseudo-legitimacy that they are soldiers-at war. If they are broken up from receiving any psychological rewards or sympathy from their social support groups, this strategy might work.  

12. Sharing of information and intelligence by counter-terrorism agents is essential. But there’s always a threat, thata secret source might be “burnt out” during such“sharing”.  

13. Terrorist groups with a cell structure are most likely to thwart human intelligence since the purpose of the cell structure is to prevent any members from knowing who is the immediate leader. This may or may not be true with some groups (like the IRA) which mix family with business, depending upon levels of fidelity. The best approach for such groups may electronic surveillance. However, groups with military or paramilitary organization might be easier to infiltrate or penetrate.  

In November, 2011 more than a dozen spies working for the CIA in Iran and Lebanon have been caught and the U. S. government fears they will be or have been executed. The spies were paid informants recruited by the CIA for two distinct espionage rings targeting Iran and the Beirut-based Hezbollah organization.  

In Beirut, two Hezbollah double agents pretended to go to work for the CIA. Hezbollah then learned of the Beirut Pizza Hut restaurant where multiple CIA officers were meeting with several agents, according to the four current and former officials briefed on the case. The CIA used the code word "PIZZA" when discussing where to meet with the agents. From there, Hezbollah's internal security arm identified at least a dozen informants, and the identities of several CIA case officers.  

CIA officers ignored the rule that the operation could be compromised by using the same location for meetings with multiple assets. Idiots who loved free pizza paid by the U. S. government too much.  

Surveillance  

Methods  

"One line" – officers follow the object forming a line behind him and passing him one by one.  

"Two lines" – officers form two lines on both sides of the street.  

"Circle" – officers block the area and start searching (used in case they lose the object).  

"Fork" – one officer (a car) moves in front of the object, another one – behind, other officers (cars) move along parallel streets  

"Box" – used when the object enters supermarket, hotel, restaurant. One or two officers follow the object, the others wait for him at the exits.  

"Demonstration" – officers demonstrate their presence to press the object and lower his activity.  

"Provocation" – officers attack the object, beat him, steal (secret) documents. Often used to lower his activity if he’s trying to play James Bond.  

"Outstrip" – officers do not follow the object because they know exactly where he’s going.  

"Football" – officers pass the object to each other (car — a group — bicyclist — car…)  

"Movie" – the crew watches the object in stages: first day — to the subway only, second day — from subway to his office, etc. (used abroad). The crew has to have a female member if they are watching a woman (she could use the ladies room for a secret meeting) and members of various ethnicities (white, black, Latino) because the object could go to a specific ethnic area.  

If you’re the object and you’ve noticed surveillance:  

Don’t rush, move at the same speed.  

Relax at the nearest bar (and relax the crew).  

Don’t show how professional you are by trying to disappear, otherwise they could intensify surveillance or even neutralize you (smash your car, beat you up).  

Postpone the operation you were engaged in.  

Use a "draught" if you need to see your agent no matter what. Change lanes (if you are driving), stop the car and then drive left or right.  

If you don’t see surveillance, that means either there’s no surveillance or you’ve failed in counter-surveillance. Discreetly watch the agent who’s coming to meet you and try to detect any possible surveillance; or you may have been "outstripped. "  

Surveillance crew mistakes:  

The same crew follows the object all day long.  

The object "rules" the crew and calculates it (he moves faster — the crew moves faster).  

A crew member is too noticeable (unusual dress, haircut, disabled parts of the body, too fat or too skinny, too ugly or too pretty).  

The crew starts to search possible hiding places for espionage evidence right after the object leaves (and he may be watching).  

The crew leaves traces after a secret search of the object’s house (office).  

The crew does not report its mistakes or the fact that they’ve lost the object.  

The crew is not professional (using childish tricks like jumping out of a subway train just before the doors close).  

Technical Surveillance  

1. Visual surveillance. Done through special holes in the ceilings and walls, through the windows from the opposite building (car) or by installing the camera inside the house (you can substitute something, like a clock, for the same thing but "stuffed" with a camera or recorder. ) You can use informant as well to watch the object outside his house (especially if you want to do a secret search).  

2. Listening devices. The easiest thing is to listen to the object’s phone (record all calls, including those dialed "by mistake"). If you work inside his apartment, make sure you equip the room where he usually talks. Attention: avoid widespread mistake when your agent keeps the listening device on his body; install a miniature device in his clothes or shoes, because the object could try a test and ask the agent to take off his clothes or invite him to the sauna or pool.  

3. If you are working abroad, listen 24/7 to local counterintelligence surveillance radiofrequencies.  

4. Reading the mail. When you control the object’s mail, remember he could use multiple addresses and PO boxes. Open all the letters with no return address or PO box. Watch when you open the letter — the object could leave a tiny piece of paper, hair, etc. to check if anybody opened the letter. Analyze the text carefully — there could be a cipher or the words with double meaning (jargon), especially when you read mafia mail.  

5. Combination of above-mentioned methods  

　 Investigation  

Stages:  

– secure and examine carefully the crime scene (every person who enters the scene is a potential destroyer of physical evidence)  

– record the scene (make photos, sketches, notes with detailed written description of the scene with the location of evidences recovered)  

– collect physical evidences (blood, semen, saliva, hair, documents, drugs, weapons and explosives, poisonous substances, fingerprints, traces, soils and minerals, fiber) and package everything  

– collect confessions and eyewitnesses accounts and then  

– make a plan of investigation and correct it later  

– research similar crimes and criminals involved  

– make a model (profile) of the suspect  

– analyze expertise data  

– work with secret sources  

– cooperate with other divisions (abroad, if needed)  

– make arrest  

– interrogate  

Arrest  

In daytime arrest people discreetly – don’t inflame extra public irritation. There’s a general rule: more arrests – less crime prevention (after being in jail people, engage in more sophisticated and secret criminal activity). After mass arrests at certain places (buildings) repeat the action in a day or two.  

Procedure:  

– chasing the object, block the area into circles (follow the plan for a certain area) and try to "push" him to a certain place where your team is waiting  

– taking the object in the street: look around for his partner(s), who could shoot you from behind  

– be on the alert if anybody tries to talk to you in the street – it could be an attempt to divert your attention  

– arresting a crew, shoot and disarm any people with guns first  

– never hesitate to shoot terrorists – some of them have mental problems and won’t think a second before shooting you  

– arrest a dangerous object while he’s relaxed (drugs, alcohol, sex, sleep) and don’t let him kill himself, eliminate evidences or warn his partners. (Most people feel more relaxed when traveling abroad. ) To take the object alive, scream, shoot over his head, use smoke and light grenades.  

– camouflage your team (as ambulance workers, construction workers, vendors, etc. )  

– if there’s a crowd around the object, shoot in the air and order everybody to lie down— the object has no choice  

– if the object is well armed and very dangerous (and you have intelligence information on that), you have to shoot him even in a very crowded area as you never know what he’s going to do next — take hostages, shoot people or blow up a bomb (three wounded people is a better score than three hundred dead).  

Interrogation  

Interrogation is a conversational process of information gathering. The intent of interrogation is to control an individual so that he will either willingly supply the requested information or, if someone is an unwilling participant in the process, to make the person submit to the demands for information.  

Remember, people tend to:  

–talk when they are under stress and respond to kindness and understanding.  

–show deference when confronted by superior authority, This is culturally dependent, but in most areas of the world people are used to responding to questions from a variety of government and quasi-government officials.  

–operate within a framework of personal and culturally derived values. People tend to respond positively to individuals who display the same value system and negatively when their core values are challenged.  

–respond to physical and, more importantly, emotional self-interest.  

–fail to apply or remember lessons they may have been taught regarding security if confronted with a disorganized or strange situation  

–be more willing to discuss a topic about which the interrogator demonstrates identical or related experience or knowledge  

–appreciate flattery and exoneration from guilt  

Tricks:  

a) "good cop / bad cop"  

b)"story under a story" (after intense interrogation the object tells a different story — which is not true, either)  

c) "bombing" with questions  

d) pressure by not interrogating  

e) "silence makes your situation worse" trick  

f) "admit one small episode and that’s it" trick  

g) "I help you — you help me" trick  

h) "shift" – try to shift the blame away from the suspect to some other person or set of circumstances that prompted the subject to commit the crime. That is, develop themes containing reasons that will justify or excuse the crime. Themes may be developed or changed to find one to which the accused is most responsive.  

Special Influence Methods  

1. Tortures  

Torture is a category of methods of interrogation designed to shock, hurt and humiliate the object and get information or to make him do something (if used for blackmail). Points to remember:  

–ongoing torture decreases pain sensitivity  

–people with strong will power take torture as a test  

–resistance to torture is often a form of hysterics after arrest  

–the object could take himself as a martyr if you torture him too much  

–torture could damage object’s psyche and you won’t be able to work with him (that’s why we keep terrorists in Guantanamo Bay without trial – we turn them into idiots)  

–people usually trust "after torture information" more than voluntary confessions  

–there are different types of torture and professionals often combine them  

Techniques of psychological torture include:  

– fake execution  

– complete isolation ("wall therapy")  

– daylight deprivation  

– forcible narcotics addiction. Here you can use depressants, stimulants, opiates or hallucinogens : depressants (alcohol, barbiturates, antianxiety drugs  

with effects of euphoria, tension reduction,, muscle relaxation, drowsiness; stimulants (cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine (crystal meth), with effects of fast  

euphoria, exhilaration, high physical and mental energy, reduced appetite, perceptions of power, and sociability; hallucinogens with effects of euphoria, hallucinations, distorted perceptions and sensations  

–making the object observe others being tortured (such as family members)  

–abuse of object’s national, religious feelings or political views)  

The effects of psychological torture are: anxiety, depression, fear, psychosis, difficulty concentrating, communication disabilities, insomnia, impaired memory, headaches, hallucinations, sexual disturbances, destruction of self-image, inability to socialize  

Techniques of physical torture include:  

–food, water, sleep deprivation  

–damage to vital body organs (brain, lungs, kidneys, liver, private parts) plus electric shock. The brain is particularly dependent on a continuous and stable supply of oxygen and glucose.  

–rape  

–face deformation  

–water cure ( the torturer pours water down the throat of the subject to inflict the terror of drowning. In another variation, the subject is tied or held don in a chair, his face is covered with a cloth or plastic sheet, and water is poured slowly or quickly over his face to encourage him to talk  

The effects of physical torture are: extreme (unbearable) pain, hypertension, fatigue, cardiopulmonary and other disorders, brain atrophy.  

2. Special psychology  

1. "Brain washing" (implantation of new ideas). The process is: isolation from outside world ("information vacuum") — sleep and food limitation (very effective) — "bombing" with slogans – ideological aggression – achieving the result (brain is loaded). The object is now ready to brainwash newcomers.  

2. "Behavior modification" (by placing into a group). The process is: initial contact — introduction to a group — mutual interests — mutual activity–mutual ideas — control and prevention of any negative contacts outside the group. No rush, no pressure.  

3. Special psychotherapy methods: talk + drugs + blondes + alcohol (used for recruitment)  

Attention: An alcoholic is more impulsive, untrustful and unreliable; he demonstrates a poverty of ideas and incapacity for attention. He usually has serious personality maladjustments. He’s immature, insecure, oversensitive and anxious. Without alcohol he’s unable to meet and enjoy people socially, and suffers from marked feeling of inferiority. Besides, alcoholics suffer from vitamin B1 deficiency, which leads to anatomic changes in the central nervous system and heart with symptoms like anorexia, fatigability, and sleep disturbances. Other common symptoms are irritability, poor memory, inability to concentrate, heart pain.  

4. "Transfer" (the object is placed in a regular hospital and then he’s transferred to a mental health clinic or jail). In jail you can use such methods an accelerated work schedule (to exhaust the object), turning him into a number to traumatize his psyche, physical punishment or a threat of punishment to keep the object tense and depressed; senseless labor to destroy his personality. Remember: the lower the intellectual level of the object, the more aggressive he is and more sensitive to incentive or punishment.  

You can actually re-organize any object’s behavior by combining rewards and punishments, exposing him to feared situations and teaching him an instinct of a total (political) obedience.  

Imprisonment is a very strong (sometimes — ultimate) tool. My friend who spent 10 years in jail described the changes in his behavior like this:  

1st year – aggression as self-defense method (to survive)  

2nd year – less personal tension, attempts to adapt the mind and body to the new, isolated way of life  

3rd, 4th, 5th – gaining some inside status  

6th, 7th – life in jail looks like natural routine  

10th – euphoria  

3. Blackmail  

Used to force a person to do something (or stop the action) against his will; it’s used also for recruitment. Blackmail methods include:  

1. Leaking "dirt" on the object through media  

2. Creating problems in his personal life and career  

3. Straight blackmail (threatening to make public certain compromising facts about him)  

4. Placing weapons, drugs, secret documents in object’s house or office, followed by search and arrest  

5. Accusations of rape (robbery) (use hookers for that)  

6. Blackmail by pressing family members. Careful, object may commit suicide after intense blackmail, especially if he is an intellectual